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Register a new userImprovement of Soil Physical Properties at B'lay Area in South Syria to Limit Land Degradation
تحسين الخصائص الفيزيائية للتربة في منطقة بلي في جنوب سوريا للحد من تدهور الأراضي
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يؤثر تدهور الأراضي بصورة سلبية في إنتاجية المزروعات و المراعي و الغابات، كمـا يعمـل علـى الإخلال بالنظم البيئية. ظاهرة تدهور الأراضي قديمة، لكنها أخذت في المدة الأخيـرة تتـسارع و تتفـاقم و تتسع رقعتها لتشمل بعض المناطق الداخلية في سورية، و منها منطقة الدراسة التي تمتد بين بلي (ريف دمشق) إلى براق (محافظة درعا). تأتي هذه الدراسة لإلقاء الضوء على بعض الجوانب المهمـة لتربـة المنطقة و خاصة من النواحي المورفولوجية، و الفيزيائية، و الكيميائية و المائية، و بعض الجوانب الخصوبية للوقوف على أسباب التدهور. وصفت هذه الدراسة ثلاثة مقاطع من التربة من الناحيـة المورفولوجيـة، و حلّلت عينات التربة. بينت النتائج أن تدهور الأراضي يعود إلى عدة أسباب، منهـا الكثافـة الظاهريـة المرتفعة الناتجة عن وجود انضغاط للتربة وسعة التبادل الكـاتيوني المنخفـضة، و الموصـلية المائيـة المنخفضة مع الانخفاض في نسبة الماء المتاح. كما بينت النتـائج أن إضـافة المحـسنات مثـل التـبن و الكومبوست و البلمر و زبل الأغنام بنسب مختلفة يؤدي إلى تحسين الخصائص الفيزيائية و المائية للتربـة بنسب مختلفة.
Land degradation deteriorates environmental systems and has direct and negative effects on crops yield, pastures and forests. Land degradation is an old phenomenon but in the last years it accelerated and spread widely to reach some interne areas in Syria like the studied area (Blay) which situated on the road of Damascus-Sowyda. In this paper morphological, physio-chemical, hydraulic and fertility study was done to clarify and define the reasons of this degradation in this specified area. Three land sections were done and morphologically described on site, soil samples were taken for analyses in the laboratory. Results showed that, the degradation may be related to different reasons like high apparent density which indicates the soil compacting, the low cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the low hydraulic conductivity with a low percentage of available water. Results also showed that the adding different percentage of soil conditioners, like hay, compost, polymer and manure ameliorates in different ratios the physical and hydraulic properties of soil.
References used
Buol, S. W., F. D. Hole, R. J. Mc-Craken, and R. J. Southared. (1997). Soil genesis and classification, 4th edition, Iowa state univ. Press
De coninck, F. (1978). Physico-chemical aspects of pedogenesis I.T.C, state univ. of Ghent, Belgium, 136 p
NRCS. (1996). Soil survey lab. Methods manual, soil survey investigation report No. 42, version 3.0 USDA
rate research
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This study was conducted to evaluation of some marshes soil physical
characteristics at south Iraq from studying soil properties and accounting the
simple and multiple correlation coefficients and relation equations, from which
we can predicted th
e soil aggregate stability modules of rapture and soil bulk
density. Three transacts were chosen, which cover all south Iraqi marshes, with
selection of the larger marshes at every transect. The transects are: First
toward Amara included marshes of Al-Msendak, Al-Saadiah and Al-Wadiah.
Second toward Al- Nasiriah which included the marshes of Delmag, Ghumugaa
and Al-hammar. Third toward Samawa which included the marshes of Al-
Ramah and Lafti.
The study was carried out at Soil Research Center in the province of Daraa
during 2011 in order to study some physical and moisture characteristics for
cinnamon soil, which occupies (48000 km²), equivalent to 26% of the area of the
Syrian Arab Rep
ublic and represents the cultivation of growing field crops
with a rainfall ranges between 150- 300 mm. The results showed that the
mechanical analysis for soil referred that its texture is clay with a good ability
to retain water, the field capacity rated between (30-38.85)%. The studied soil
has high value of available water (38.93mm) and useful water (25.69mm) in the
surface layer. The highest value of permanent wilting point and hygroscopic
moisture was reached in the final depth in studied profile soil, It was also
distinguished a high total porosity ranged between 51.78 and 55.59% with
a good air porosity amounted to 9.38 - 15.47 % in different depths and with the
decline to 5.51 % in the depth 30 - 45cm.
This study was conducted during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 seasons in
Abu-Jarash orchards area in Damascus to identify the effect of improved
organic materials as sludge, manure and compost in improving some soil
physical characteristics and whea
t productivity. Results showed that the three
types of organic material affected the physical characteristics of the studied
soil. They decreased its bulk density, increased its total porosity and increased
its ability of holding water at field capacity. Results also showed that the
compost of city wastes was the best in improving soil physical properties. The
three organic materials, particularly the sludge increased the total productivity
of wheat (Sham3).
Some magnetic and physical properties ( magnetic susceptibility , intensity
of remanent magnetisation , ac current electrical conductivity and density ) of
١٨١ samples from ٣٠ sites of Middle Miocene basaltic rocks (β 1
N2) from Al-
Kisweh region
south of Damascus were studied, in order to extend the previous
study ( Abou-Deeb, ١٩٩٧) to other regions so that these properties might be
used as characteristic factors in discriminating the neighbouring basaltic flows
.The measurement of the in situ magnetic susceptibility of ٧٥ basaltic sites ,
distributed on ٨ localities , in the region helped to calculate the mean value of
the magnetic susceptibility of each locality and an overall mean value of the
whole region, which might be used in any magnetic interpretation of the
magnetic anomalies. Also, the density of ١٢٨ samples were measured and a
mean value of the density of each locality and an overall mean density were
calculated in order to be used in any future interpretation of any gravity
anomaly in the region .
The study has shown that the apparent bulk density of soil increases with the increase
of compression and moisture during press. The maximum rate of increase in depth was 0 –
20 cm that amounted 0.38g/cm3 at compression by 257.44-kilopascal and moi
sture
average at compression by 19.03% (equal to 60% of the field capacity average of the soil)
in comparison with the non-existence of compression. In addition, the size of the pores
bigger than 50 microns decreased at the same above compression and above moisture in
depth of zero – 20 cm by 20.20%. The size of pores bigger than 10 microns decreased by
20.65% in comparison with the non-existence of compression. While it was noted that the
the maximum loss of root yield that amounted 17.52%, at compression by 257.44
kilopascal, and moisture 19.03%.
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