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A Study of maxillary and mandibular alveolar widths in skeletal class II compared with skeletal class I in adults ) Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study )

دراسة عرض القوس السنخية العلوية و السفلية في الصنف الثاني الهيكلي بالمقارنة مع الصنف الأول الهيكلي عند البالغين (دراسة باستخدام التصوير الطبقي المحوري المخروطي)

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 Publication date 2016
  fields Dentistry
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Class II malocclusion is a common clinical problem among white Caucasian population and its transverse component is a critical aspect of a functional and stable occlusion. The size and shape of the arches have considerable implications in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, affecting the space available, dental esthetics, and stability of the dentition. Hence , it is important to study the alveolar arch width in this group of patients using the wide possibilities of cone beam computed tomography of evaluating real anatomy , true-to-scale images without distortions or superimpositions, and the selection of the desired sections.Objective:To evaluate the width of maxillary and mandibular alveolar arches in skelatal Class II adults compared to skeletal class I using cone beam computed tomography. Materials and methods: thirty-two subjects with skeletal Class II relationship and 10 subjects with skeletal Class I who were ordinary undergoing CBCT scan for non-orthodontics nor for otorihnolaryngology purpose were selected to measure the maxillary and mandibular alveolar width of first premolar and first molars.Independent samples’ t-test was calculated. Results:No statistically significant differences were found of alveolar widths between skeletal Class II and Class I subjects in both maxillary and mandibular widths of molar and premolar regions. Gender had no statistically significant effect in the results of the study. Conclusion :There is no differences in alveolar width between adults with skeletal Class II and Class I relationships, so the transverse discrepancy in skeletal Class II when exsists , it is more probably not originated from the alveolar base.


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Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة عرض القوس السنخية العلوية والسفلية في البالغين الذين يعانون من سوء الإطباق الهيكلي من الصنف الثاني مقارنة بالصنف الأول باستخدام تقنية التصوير الطبقي المحوري المخروطي (CBCT). تعتبر مشكلة سوء الإطباق من الصنف الثاني مشكلة شائعة بين السكان البيض القوقازيين، وتؤثر بشكل كبير على تشخيص وعلاج تقويم الأسنان. تهدف الدراسة إلى تقييم عرض الأقواس السنخية العلوية والسفلية عند البالغين بصنفين هيكليين مختلفين. شملت الدراسة 42 فردًا، منهم 32 بصنف ثاني هيكلي و10 بصنف أول هيكلي، وتم قياس العرض السنخي عند الضواحك والأرحاء الأولى العلوية والسفلية. أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين العرض السنخي العلوي والسفلي لدى أفراد الصنفين الهيكليين في منطقة الضواحك والأرحاء. كما لم يكن للجنس تأثير ذو دلالة إحصائية في النتائج. خلصت الدراسة إلى أن الفروق العرضية في الصنف الثاني الهيكلي، عند وجودها، لا تعود غالبًا إلى القواعد السنخية.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة في مجال تقويم الأسنان لأنها تستخدم تقنية التصوير الطبقي المحوري المخروطي (CBCT) لتقديم قياسات دقيقة للأقواس السنخية. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض الانتقادات للدراسة. أولاً، حجم العينة كان صغيرًا نسبيًا، مما قد يؤثر على تعميم النتائج. ثانيًا، اقتصرت الدراسة على البالغين بين 19 و26 عامًا، مما يعني أن النتائج قد لا تكون قابلة للتطبيق على الفئات العمرية الأخرى. ثالثًا، لم تأخذ الدراسة في الاعتبار العوامل الوراثية والبيئية التي قد تؤثر على العرض السنخي. وأخيرًا، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تضمنت تحليلًا لمزيد من المتغيرات مثل كثافة العظام أو سمك اللثة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هو الهدف الرئيسي من الدراسة؟

    الهدف الرئيسي من الدراسة هو تقييم عرض الأقواس السنخية العلوية والسفلية عند البالغين بصنفين هيكليين مختلفين باستخدام تقنية التصوير الطبقي المحوري المخروطي (CBCT).

  2. ما هي النتائج الرئيسية التي توصلت إليها الدراسة؟

    النتائج الرئيسية هي عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين العرض السنخي العلوي والسفلي لدى أفراد الصنفين الهيكليين في منطقة الضواحك والأرحاء، وعدم وجود تأثير ذو دلالة إحصائية للجنس على النتائج.

  3. ما هي التقنية المستخدمة في الدراسة لقياس العرض السنخي؟

    استخدمت الدراسة تقنية التصوير الطبقي المحوري المخروطي (CBCT) لقياس العرض السنخي للأقواس العلوية والسفلية.

  4. ما هي الفئة العمرية التي شملتها الدراسة؟

    شملت الدراسة البالغين الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 19 و26 عامًا.


References used
AST, D; CARLOS, J; CONS, D. Prevalence and characteristics of malocclusion among senior high school students in up-state New York. Am J Orthod, 1965, 51:437–445
BURGERSDIJK, R; TRUIN, G; FRANKENMOLEN, F; KALSBEEK, H; MULDER, J. Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need of 15-74-year-old Dutch adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 1991, 19:64–67
TANG, E. The prevalence of malocclusion amongst Hong Kong male dental students. Br J Orthod, 1994, 21:57–63
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Since early Orthodontics, one of the main concerns is to correct Skeletal Class II. For this Purpose they designed different functional appliances, and performed many cephalometric studies to evaluate treatment results for these appliances on dent ofacial complex. Our clinical experience, show the ability of treatment of preadolescents by advancement the mandible in skeletal class II correction with Sliding Plates. and for this purpose, lateral cephalometric study was performed to evaluate treatment results at dentofacial complex. 19 preadolescents ages 11-14 years with skeletal class II and mandibular retrognathism Sliding Plates consist of two separated removable parts, the upper one has midpalatal expansion and vertical wire, the lower is provided with anterior bite plane. The plates were used for 6-12 months. Lateral cephalograms were taken before treatment and immediately after treatment. The results after treatment were compared with the pretreatment measurements before treatment. After treatment, advancement of the mandible and the parts of TMJ has been observed. Thus, the use of sliding plates are useful to correct skeletal class II with mandibular retrognathism, especially in cases associated with narrow upper dental arch for children their ages do not permit the use of pre-functional preparation, and additionally, in cases that require functional rehabilitations.
The asymmetric face is common so that increased interest in it . there are different ways to assess the asymmetry. Computed tomography is an accurate way that enable the examiner for reading the face at three planes ,and present three-dimensional information on the cranial mandibular Complex whereas (3D) analysis is essential for making a precise diagnosis of craniofacial morphology . Aim : This research aims to study the asymmetric at the facial patterns malocclusion (class I. Class III) using CT .
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine palatal and maxillary arch width changes during MBT PEA with maxillary first premolars extraction treatment in patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion. Material and Methods: Dental casts of 24 Class II division 1 patients (8 males and 16 females) were evaluated. The minimum age of the subjects at the beginning of treatment was above 16 years with mean age 02.02± 2.82. All patients were treated with extraction of the maxillary first premolars and MBT PEA. Pre- and post-treatment maxillary and palatal (inter-canine and inter-molar) widths were measured using a digital calliper of 0.01 accuracy. Paired samples t-test was used to evaluate the treatment changes within total sample and within males group and females group. Differences between males and females were tested using independent samples t-test. Results: At the end of treatment, maxillary and palatal inter-canine widths increased significantly (P>0.001).The maxillary inter-molar width increased but the values were statistically insignificant (P<0.05). The palatal inter-molar width increased significantly (P>0.01). No significant differences were observed between males and females. Conclusions: Class II division 1 patients treated with extraction of maxillary first premolars had tendency for an increase in palatal and arch width during treatment except maxillary inter-molar width. It seems that a more thorough assessment and investigation including pretreatment arch shape and factors related to anchorage should be carried out.

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