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Some Pedological and Fertility Characteristics of Some Soils of Jabal Al Arab and Hauran Plain

بعض الخصائص البيدولوجية و الخصوبية لترب من جبل العرب و سهل حوران

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 Publication date 2011
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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To carry out this study, 12 soil profiles were selected and prepared, and soil samples were collected from the different horizons (surface, subsurface, and C horizon) in each profile. The results of the analyzed samples indicate that, topographical factors plays an important role in determining some feature, such as, the depth of the profile, texture, distribution of CaCO3 and the process of swelling and the shrinking. Concerning the soil fertility, the study showed that the soil content of microelements is ranging between moderate to low, thus may be related to the mineralogical composition of the parent material, weathering status, and to the use of these elements by the plants during the long lasting exploitation of these soil without any restitution of these element. The results indicate as well, the decrease of these elements with decreasing elevation, i.e from the slop to the plain, this probably due to the relation between the leaching process and topographical position, and to lesser extend to the (pH) of the soil.


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Research summary
تناولت الدراسة الخصائص البيدولوجية والخصوبية لترب منطقتي جبل العرب وسهل حوران في سوريا. تم اختيار 12 مقطعاً تربياً وأخذ عينات من الآفاق المختلفة لكل مقطع (A وB وC) ليصل عدد العينات إلى 36. أظهرت النتائج أن العوامل الطبوغرافية تلعب دوراً مهماً في تحديد خصائص التربة مثل عمق المقطع، التركيب الحبيبي، توزيع كربونات الكالسيوم، وظواهر الانكماش والانتفاخ. كما بينت الدراسة أن محتوى التربة من العناصر الصغرى يتراوح بين المتوسط والمنخفض، مما يعزى إلى فقر المادة الأم واستنزاف العناصر من قبل النباتات نتيجة للاستثمار الطويل دون تحسين الخصوبة. لوحظ تراجع تدريجي في تركيز العناصر الصغرى كلما اتجهنا نحو الغرب بسبب عملية الغسل وعلاقتها بالموقع الطبوغرافي. أوصت الدراسة باتخاذ إجراءات لتحسين خواص التربة مثل إضافة الأسمدة العضوية والكيميائية لتحسين إنتاجية المحاصيل.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة مهمة لفهم الخصائص البيدولوجية والخصوبية لترب منطقتي جبل العرب وسهل حوران، إلا أنها تفتقر إلى تحليل أعمق للعوامل البيئية الأخرى التي قد تؤثر على خصوبة التربة مثل تأثير المناخ والأنشطة البشرية المختلفة. كما أن الدراسة اعتمدت بشكل كبير على التحاليل المخبرية دون تقديم حلول عملية ملموسة يمكن تطبيقها على أرض الواقع لتحسين خصوبة التربة. كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تضمنت تجارب ميدانية لتقييم فعالية التوصيات المقدمة.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي العوامل الطبوغرافية التي تؤثر على خصائص التربة في منطقتي جبل العرب وسهل حوران؟

    العوامل الطبوغرافية تؤثر على عمق مقطع التربة، التركيب الحبيبي، توزيع كربونات الكالسيوم، وظواهر الانكماش والانتفاخ.

  2. ما هو السبب وراء انخفاض محتوى التربة من العناصر الصغرى في منطقة الدراسة؟

    السبب يعود إلى فقر المادة الأم بهذه العناصر واستنزاف بعضها الآخر من قبل النباتات نتيجة للاستثمار الطويل دون تحسين الخصوبة.

  3. كيف يؤثر الموقع الطبوغرافي على توزيع العناصر الصغرى في التربة؟

    تتأثر العناصر الصغرى بعملية الغسل وعلاقتها بالموقع الطبوغرافي، حيث لوحظ تراجع تدريجي في تركيز هذه العناصر كلما اتجهنا نحو الغرب.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمتها الدراسة لتحسين خصوبة التربة في منطقتي جبل العرب وسهل حوران؟

    أوصت الدراسة بإضافة الأسمدة العضوية والكيميائية، وتحسين الخواص الفيزيائية للتربة عن طريق إضافة محسنات مثل الزبل البلدي أو الرماد البركاني.


References used
Abu Nukta, F. (1995). Environmental Impact of Fertilizers Use in Syria. Proc. Seminar, production & use of chemical fertilizers and environment. Cairo. Eds. M. M. El-Fouly and F. E. Abdalla, pp35-50
Abu Nukta, F., R. Parkinson, (2007). Effect of Humic Substances on Micronutrients Availability in Soils. Damascus University Journal for Agricultural Sciences. 23(2), 163-178
Alloway BJ. (2004). Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. IZA Publications. International Zinc Association, Brussels, pp 1–116
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