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Register a new userThe European Union-Central Asia issues cooperation and strategic Partnership
الاتحاد الأوروبي و آسيا الوسطى قضايا التعاون و الشراكة الإستراتيجية
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Tishreen University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2014
fields
political science
and research's language is
العربية
Created by
Shamra Editor
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ترّكز هذه الدراسة على الاستراتيجية الأمنية للاتحاد الأوروبي تجاه آسيا الوسطى كجزء من السياسة الخارجية و الأمنية للاتحاد الأوروبي تجاه جمهوريات الاتحاد السوفيتي السابق. إنّها محاولة لإعادة تقييم إحدى أهم القضايا في العلاقات الدولية المعاصرة و هي التعاون بين الاتحاد الأوروبي و آسيا الوسطى قبل و بعد تبني "وثيقة الشراكة الاستراتيجية الجديدة بين الاتحاد الأوروبي و آسيا الوسطى" في حزيران 2007. حيث تُعّد هذه الاستراتيجية وثيقة سياسية مهمة في تاريخ العلاقات بين الطرفين. إنّ المرحلة الجديدة للتعاون بين الطرفين توّضح بشكل أكثر شمولية الأولويات التي أكدت عليها الإستراتيجية الجديدة، و تبين قضايا التعاون الإقليمي بين الجانبين مثل التنويع في مصادر الطاقة و مساراتها من منطقة آسيا الوسطى إلى أوروبا، و دورها في تحقيق أمن الطاقة لأوروبا.
The Thesis focuses on the EU’s security strategy towards the Central Asian states – as part of the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy towards the post-soviet realm. The thesis analyses, assesses and scrutinises one of the topical issues of the contemporary international relations - cooperation between the European Union and Central Asian states before and after adoption in June 2007 of the ‘European Union and Central Asia: Strategy for a New Partnership’, an important political document in the history of relations between the two parties. The new stage of cooperation is analysed more comprehensively accentuating priorities set in the Strategy. Analysis of the regional cooperation between the European Union and Central Asian, issues of diversification of hydrocarbons supply routes from the region to Europe and provision of energy security.
References used
<France Diplomatie, France and Central Asia, French Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, retrieved 24 May 2009, <http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files_156/central-asia_1964/index.html
MACFARLANE, N. "The Caucasus and Central Asia: Towards a non-strategy", in R. Dannreuther, European Union Foreign and Security Policy: Towards a Neighbourhood Strategy, London: Routledge Tailor & Francis Group, 2005
MELVIN, N.J. Engaging Central Asia: The European Union‘s New Strategy in the Heart of Eurasia, Brussels: Centre for European Policy Studies, 28 May 2008, retrieved 24 May 2013
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بعد أربعة عقود في غرفة انتظار الاتحاد الأوروبي، افتتحت مفاوضات انضمام تركيا إلى الاتحاد في الثالث من تشرين الأول 2005 ، وفقاً لإطار العمل التفاوضي المشترك الذي ينص على أن هذه المفاوضات "مفتوحة النهاية "ما يجعل نتيجتها غير مضمونة .
و تواجه تركيا العد
يد من المحددات في مفاوضات انضمامها إلى الاتحاد الأوروبي، منها على سبيل المثال:المشكلة القبرصية، و المشكلة الأرمينية، كونها دولة ذات غالبية مسلمة فضلاً عن مشاكل لها علاقة بالديمقراطية. و قد تبنت تركيا العديد من الإصلاحات و غيرت نظامها السياسي و العلماني بما يتناسب و قيم الاتحاد الأوروبي.
من جهة أخرى هناك العديد من الإيجابيات لانضمام تركيا إلى الاتحاد التي يمكن للاتحاد الاستفادة منها في حال حصولها على العضوية في الاتحاد. و سنحاول في هذه الورقة تسليط الضوء على كل ما يتعلق بهذا الشأن.
This research aimed at determining the reality of the partnership between Russia and the European Union during the period 2000-2019, the extent of the relationship of GDP to foreign trade and the degree of economic openness. The descriptive and analy
tical approach has been relied on in the analysis of Russia's tools and policy towards trade exchange and partnership with the European Union. Where the data of GDP, exports and imports, and the trade balance was relied upon to calculate the average annual increase, the average growth rate and the degree of economic exposure. The most important conclusions were Russia’s endeavor to build a partnership with the European Union based on joint cooperation and dealing with issues of security and common neighborhood, promoting and diversifying trade exchanges, and that the Russian economy is not exposed to the European economy. The most important recommendations were represented in the necessity of Russia diversifying its exports to European markets and not relying solely on the export of oil and natural gas.
This paper reports on a translation engine designed for the needs of the Polish State Border Guard. The engine is a component of the AI Searcher system, whose aim is to search for Internet texts, written in Polish, Russian, Ukrainian or Belarusian, w
hich may lead to criminal acts at the eastern border of the European Union. The system is intended for Polish users, and the translation engine should serve to assist understanding of non-Polish documents. The engine was trained on general-domain texts. The adaptation for the criminal domain consisted in the appropriate translation of criminal terms and proper names, such as forenames, surnames and geographical objects. The translation process needs to take into account the rich inflection found in all of the languages of interest. To this end, a method based on constrained decoding that incorporates an inflected lexicon into a neural translation process was applied in the engine.
The translator profile at the European Central Bank (ECB) has evolved in-creasingly rapidly over the past years. Staff of the linguistic services moved from their traditional set of tasks - translation, editing and proofreading, of-ten done on print-
ups or in plain Word documents - to dealing with a multi-tude of tasks, such as project management, procurement, recruitment and training, and lately cultural mediation. But the real game changer in this transformation has been the quantum leap that technology applied to trans-lation (computer-assisted translation (CAT) and machine translation (MT)) has enabled in complex organisational structures. This brought about signifi-cant challenges in terms of people and change management, but also pre-sented huge opportunities and the chance to broadcast the ECB's language services as a cutting-edge professional unit within the organisation. The transformation is still underway, but we are not in uncharted waters any-more. In fact, we are broadening our interest in new technologies to make our communication more accessible, even beyond the pure translation func-tion.
The study aims at shedding light on the concept of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) as an effective, innovative and indispensable strategic tool in managing the developmental crisis in Syria, in addition to indicating the driving reasons for adopting
it, the advantages it brings as of converting the opponent and the usual competitor, i.e. the private sector into strong partner and contributor to development and its sustainability.
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