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Gates of the Ottoman Khans in the Old City of Aleppo (Types and Architectural Elements)

البوابات في الخانات العثمانية لمدينة حلب القديمة ( أنواعها و عناصرها المعمارية )

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 Publication date 2015
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Khans constitute one of the most important buildings throughout history, because of their important role in the economic life. They were marked by the enormity of construction, area, and also by details and architectural elements either in the unique forms of gates, the interior spaces, courtyards and openings internal windows and doors. Khans gates formed unique architectural panels of beauty and richness by their decoration. They formed an important subject worthy of studying and research. Khans flourished significantly as Aleppo was one of the most important commercial cities throughout history, because of its important geographical location, something which distinguished it from other cities., especially during the Ottoman era, which saw the construction of more than fifty Khans inside the city. These khans were established during different periods of the Ottoman era, which seem similar in the general plan, but different in details depending on the period of construction. This resulted in different models with different details, as reflected in the varied forms of gates in size, decoration and architectural details. Khan gates in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were marked by the big dimension, the intensity of motifs, and rich architectural details influenced clearly by the Mamluk architecture. In comparison, during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries seemed more simple, less massive than its predecessors, and even devoid of decoration. The effects of European architecture were clear on the gates of Khans in the end of the Ottoman era in the early twentieth century. As a result, khans gates in Aleppo during the Ottoman era waere characterized by diversity in size, configuration and architectural details, which must be recognized in any restoration project, in order to preserve the original features and the characteristic of these monuments.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول الدراسة التي أجرتها أنيت نبيه طعمة موضوع بوابات الخانات العثمانية في مدينة حلب القديمة، مركزة على أنواعها وعناصرها المعمارية. تعتبر الخانات من أهم المباني التاريخية نظراً لدورها الاقتصادي الهام، وتميزها بالضخامة والتفاصيل المعمارية الفريدة. تميزت بوابات الخانات بجمالها وزخرفتها، مما جعلها موضوعاً يستحق البحث والدراسة. ازدهرت عمارة الخانات في حلب بشكل ملحوظ خلال العصر العثماني، حيث بُنيت أكثر من خمسين خاناً داخل المدينة. اختلفت تفاصيل هذه الخانات تبعاً للفترة الزمنية التي بُنيت فيها، مما أفرز نماذج متنوعة من البوابات من حيث الحجم والتشكيل والزخرفة. تميزت خانات القرنين السادس عشر والسابع عشر بالضخامة وكثافة الزخارف، متأثرة بالعمارة المملوكية، بينما كانت بوابات الخانات في القرنين الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر أكثر بساطة وأقل زخرفة. في مطلع القرن العشرين، تأثرت بوابات الخانات بالعمارة الأوروبية. توصي الدراسة بضرورة الانتباه إلى التفاصيل المعمارية عند القيام بأي عملية ترميم للحفاظ على الهوية المميزة لهذه الأوابد.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: تعتبر هذه الدراسة من الدراسات الهامة التي تسلط الضوء على جزء مهم من التراث المعماري لمدينة حلب. ومع ذلك، يمكن الإشارة إلى بعض النقاط التي قد تحتاج إلى مزيد من التوضيح أو البحث. على سبيل المثال، لم تتناول الدراسة بشكل كافٍ تأثير الأحداث التاريخية والسياسية على تطور عمارة الخانات. كما أن التركيز كان بشكل كبير على الجانب الوصفي دون تقديم تحليل معمق للعوامل التي أدت إلى التغيرات المعمارية عبر العصور. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، كان من الممكن تعزيز الدراسة بمزيد من الرسوم البيانية والصور التوضيحية التي تساعد على فهم التفاصيل المعمارية بشكل أفضل. على الرغم من هذه النقاط، تبقى الدراسة مرجعاً هاماً للباحثين في مجال العمارة والتراث الثقافي.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي أهمية دراسة بوابات الخانات العثمانية في حلب؟

    تعتبر دراسة بوابات الخانات العثمانية في حلب مهمة لأنها تسلط الضوء على جزء مهم من التراث المعماري للمدينة، وتساعد في الحفاظ على الهوية المعمارية المميزة لهذه الأوابد، خاصة في ظل التهديدات التي تتعرض لها المدينة وآثارها.

  2. كيف تميزت بوابات الخانات في القرنين السادس عشر والسابع عشر؟

    تميزت بوابات الخانات في القرنين السادس عشر والسابع عشر بالضخامة وكثافة الزخارف وغنى التفاصيل المعمارية، متأثرة بشكل واضح بالعمارة المملوكية.

  3. ما هي التغيرات التي طرأت على بوابات الخانات في القرنين الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر؟

    أصبحت بوابات الخانات في القرنين الثامن عشر والتاسع عشر أكثر بساطة وأقل ضخامة من سابقاتها، كما أنها خالية من الزخارف.

  4. كيف تأثرت بوابات الخانات في مطلع القرن العشرين؟

    تأثرت بوابات الخانات في مطلع القرن العشرين بالعمارة الأوروبية، حيث أصبحت أقل عرضاً وأكثر ارتفاعاً، واستخدمت الزخارف الحجرية النافرة والنقوش الكتابية بشكل مكثف.


References used
Elisseeff, N.Khan. In: The Encyclopaedia of Islam. volume IV, P 1010- 1017, Iran, 1990
Sauvaget, J. Alep, Essai sur le dévéloppement d'une grande ville XIX siècle. 2 Volumes, Paris, 1941
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