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Register a new userPhysical Modification Study For CR39 Polymer Material Under Electronic Beam Effet Using Monte Carlo Method For Realising integrated Optical Elements
دراسة التعديلات الفيزيائية لمادة البوليمير 39 CR تحت تأثير حزمة الكترونية بطريقة مونتي كارلو بهدف تشكيل عناصر ضوئية متكاملة
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يتركز العمل المقدم هنا بشكل أساسي على دراسة التغيرات الفيزيو-كيميائية للمادة العضوية بتقنية الحفر المباشر للحزم الإلكترونية. المادة العضوية المدروسة هنا هي 39 CR . وأهم التغيرات التي سنقوم بالتركيز عليها هي تغيرات عمق الاختراق للحزمة الالكترونية في المادة كتابع لطاقة الالكترونات. هذا الاختراق سيقود لزيادة في قرينة انكسار هذه المادة التي يمكن أن تسمح بتشكيل عناصر و دارات متكاملة ضوئية للاستخدام في الاتصالات الضوئية.
The presented work here is focused mainly on the study of physic-chemical changes of organic material by the electron -beam direct- writing technique. The organic polymer studied here is (diethyene glycol bis (allycarbonate)) called CR39. The most important changes that we will focus on are the depth of penetration of the electronic beam as a function of the energy of electrons. This penetration will lead to an increase in the refractive index of this material, which can allow the formation of components and integrated optical circuits to be used in optical communications. The first phase of this work will allow us to study the physico-chemical changes in organic material under effect of low energy of electronc beams which are the domain of our interest (from 5 keV to 25 keV), corresponding to the possibility of forming optical structures with very small dimensions and without the need to mask technology which is used by ion beams, and these structures can be used in optical communications. Therefore, in the second phase of this study, we will make use of these changes and we will verify the possibility of acquiring guided electromagnetic propagation through a structure of identical dimensions to the employed electronic energy. This structure can constitute the main element in formulating integrated optical circuits: such as Bragg grating, Optical filters.
References used
Hranilovic S., 2005- Wirelessoptical communication systems. Hamilton‚ Ontario‚ Canada, 210p
Okamoto K., 2006- Fundamentals of optical waveguides, Second edition, California 92101-4495,USA, 578p
Toffano, Z., 2001- Composants photoniques et Fibres optiques. ISBN, France, 318p
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The codes (EGSnrc, BEAMnrc) are used to simulate 6MV photon beam produced by
Varian ix linear accelerator and different field size (2020, 1010, 44cm2). The
simulation data is stored in a phase space file that contains complete details of the dat
es of
each particle by tracking its path and interactions.
Phase space files were analyzed using BEAMDP code to:
- Obtain energy spectrum, energy flow, distribution of the mean energy and the
angular distribution of the photons and contaminant electrons on surface of water phantom
and 100cm away from linear accelerator head.
- Study effect of field size on distribution of the energy spectrum 6MV.
- Study of change in distribution of mean energy between center and edge of the field
size.
- Calculation the contribution of contaminant electrons within photonic beam at
21%.
A trading light dependent resistor has been brought and its
components have been checked by using X-ray Fluorescence in
the laboratories of physics department, it has been showed that
it is consists of Cadmium Selenide (CdSe). We have checked
some of it light characteristics.
This research deals with analytical study of exterior Beam-Column
connections behavior under seismic load.
Tow parameters were considered: axial load on the column and
confinement of joint region with stirrups.
Ansys program was used to analytica
l study of three types of exterior
Beam-Column connections under cyclic load.
The results were shown a good agreement with general behavior of
three types.
The analytical results indicate that the tow parameters will improve
the behavior of the connections delay cracking at joint core and
increasing connection stiffness in rotation and displacement with
decreasing shear value at joint.
RC moment-resisting frames (RCMRFs) have commonly been used for low-to-moderate rise buildings in
seismic prone regions. RCMRFs can perform well when they are subjected to strong earthquake ground
motions if they are properly designed and detailed
to dissipate the seismic input energy through
deformations in inelastic range. The connections between beams and columns thus become critical
components to the performance of these structures.
In conventional RCMRF connections, the width of the beam does not exceed the width of the column.
Adopting a flat beam system for the design scheme provides many advantages, such as the reducing the
amount of formwork required, the simplicity for repetition, and the decrease of the required story height.
RCMRFs with flat beams have been used extensively, despite the lack of sufficient information on how
this system behaves under earthquake loading which leads the codes to restrict the use of flat beamcolumn
connections in earthquake prone regions.
Stability of elements require determination of their dimension, such that
the resulting displacement under static or thermal loads are acceptable.
Those elements have to resist the applied loads so that the structure or any
element does not loss c
onstancy. The most important criteria for stability
is represented via element curvature under the influence of load, that load
is of any type or in any position. Therefor this paper presents derivation
of a theoretical equation to calculate the deflection generated from
heating variation between the top and bottom surface of simple steel
beam, by means of heating transfer expression.
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