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Register a new userThe Stretched Vibrations of Carbon Tetrachloride in Alcoholic Environment
الاهتزاز الاستطالي لمركب رباعي كلور الكربون في وسط كحولي
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قيست في هذه الدراسة أطياف رامان لمحاليل مكونة من رباعي كلور الكربون و الميتانول، و من ثم حلّلتِ الخطوط الطيفية لاهتزازات الاستطالة الخاصة برباعي كلور الكربون باستخدام برنامج Peak- Fit. وجدنا أنه يوجد اختلاف واضح في طريقة استجابة كل من اهتزازات الاستطالة المتناظر 1v و اهتزازات الاستطالة غير المتناظر v3 لتغير التركيب البنيوي للبيئة المحيطة و الناتج من إضافة جزيئات الميتانول المستقطبة، فقد بينت النتائج التي حصلنا عليها وجود اختلافات في كل من اتجاه انزياح الخطوط الطيفية و كذلك التأثيرات الحاصلة على عرض الخط الطيفي، فضلاً عن ذلك لاحظنا وجود تشابه في تابعية شدة الخطوط الطيفية لتركيز الميتانول لكلا نمطي الاهتزاز مع وجود حيود كبير عن الخطية في العلاقة بين الشدة و التركيز.
Raman spectra of Carbon Tetrachloride in Methanol solutions were measured. Spectral lines n1 (symmetric stretch vibrations), n3 (asymmetric stretch vibrations) of Carbon Tetrachloride were analyzed. The Raman spectra were fitted using Peak-Fit software applying a sum of Gaussian and Lorentzian components. Results indicate that, there is a clear difference in the behavior of peak position and width of the two type of vibrations with varying the structural composition of the surrounding environment due to varying of the methanol concentration. On the other hand we found that a similarity in the dependence of the intensity of spectral lines on the concentration of methanol, with a high degree of non-linearity.
References used
Giorgini, M. Musso, M. and Torii, H., 2005. Concentration-dependent frequency shifts and Raman spectroscopic noncoincidence effect of the C=O stretching mode in dipolar mixtures of acetone/dimethy sulfoxide, Journal of Physical Chemistry, A.109, pp.5846-5854
Levinger, N. Davis, P. and Fayer, M., 2001. The Raman non-Coincidence Effect of the S=O Stretching Mode of Liquid DMSO in CCl4, Journal of Chemical Physics, A.115, pp.20-22
Costa, N. Saija, F. Muna`o, G. and Caccamo, C., 2007. Molecular Dynamics of Methanol and Carbon Tetrachloride Mixtures, Proceedings of the Symposium Grid Open Days at the University of Palermo, ISBN: 978-88- 95892-00-9, 141p
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Hydrocarbon burning nowadays has a great part of the required energy consumed in the world, mainly in the transport vehicle engines, which seems to be the main source in the future. This urges us develop the fuel burning in different internal combust
ion engines according to the environmental increasing requirements nowadays. The carbon fine-dust produced is the main source of the environmental pollutants, which could be considered as
the main cause of cancer. Therefore our present paper deals with the way of carbon fine dust formation during fuel burning in engines and gives a mathematical model describing that complex method, and studying the different function affecting its formation, the aim is to find a way to develop the burning process in engines and increase its working and decrease the pollution produced.
In this paper, the seasonal variations of CO2 system and pH
values in surface seawater of Banias city are shown during the
period in spring 2015 and winter 2016, in addition to determine the
impact of hydrological factors.
Modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) makes intensive use of deep learning methods because of the accuracy they offer for a variety of applications. Due to the significant environmental impact of deep learning, cost-benefit analysis including carb
on footprint as well as accuracy measures has been suggested to better document the use of NLP methods for research or deployment. In this paper, we review the tools that are available to measure energy use and CO2 emissions of NLP methods. We describe the scope of the measures provided and compare the use of six tools (carbon tracker, experiment impact tracker, green algorithms, ML CO2 impact, energy usage and cumulator) on named entity recognition experiments performed on different computational set-ups (local server vs. computing facility). Based on these findings, we propose actionable recommendations to accurately measure the environmental impact of NLP experiments.
This research focuses on identifying spatial and temporal variationsof the carbon
dioxide system in the surface seawater of Tartouscityduring the period betweenspring and
summer 2015.In Addition to the extent influenced by some hydrological propert
ies of
water (temperature and salinity) and the impact all of this on the pH of marine water
values.
The results showed low partial pressure of the carbon dioxide in seawaters (PCO2
sea)
in the summercompared with spring, which is reflected on the air-sea flux values (FCO2),
where CO2 released from surface seawater to the air in summer and incontradiction of that
in the spring (0.0632mmol /m²/ day and -0.0715 mmol /m²/day, respectively). In spring,
low temperature and salinity of the water (22.707-22.727C and 37.605-37.765‰
respectively), in addition to increased biological activity contributed in increasing the
absorption of CO2 from the water.These leading to a decrease PCO2
sea (409.0- 429.5μatm)
associated with low concentrations of all of the total inorganic carbon (2229.5-
2242.5μmol/kg) and total alkalinity (2588.873-2590.9μmol/kg). and as a result the surface
sea waters become a reservoir of dioxide carbon atmospheric.
In the summer, the rise in temperature and salinity of surface seawater (28.85-
29.60Cand38.15-38.60‰, respectively) and reduced biological activity all contributed to
the decrease dissolved CO2 values and increase of PCO2
sea(437.5 - 453.5μatm)
associated with increasing concentrations of each of the total inorganic carbon
(2267.9 - 2296.0μmol/kg) and total alkalinity (2739.6 -2741.2μmol/kg).In this way the
surface sea water is source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
The aim of research is to calculate the emissions of carbon
dioxide (CO2) generated by the cement industry (Tartous Cement
Company as a case study), depending on the standards and
principles set by the World Resources Institute protocol (WRI) and
the World Business Council for Sustainable Development Protocol
(WBCSD 2011), in addition to standards and guidelines developed
by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007).
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