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Problematic subdue capacity of the commercial obligation to the nationality law (A comparative study)

إشكالية إخضاع أهلية الملتزم الصرفي إلى قانون جنسيته ( دراسة مقارنة )

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 Publication date 2015
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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According to the Geneva Unified Law concerning the commercial papers (bill of exchange – promissory note – and cheque) and domestic trade legislations which have quoted provisions of this law, the capacity of a person to bind himself by the commercial papers shall be determined by his national law. But the difference of nationality rules from one country to another in gaining nationality, losing it, retrieving it, and resolutions to be followed in conflicts of nationality, lead, on the international level to the situation of multiplicity of nationalities of people, people without any nationality. Also person's right to change his nationality which is considered a matter of human rights, represents the problem of change in the national law that regulates the legal relation, and the foreigner with incomplete capacity might use many pulative ways to hide his lack of capacity to make the other think he has full capacity. These situations are the problems facing the application of national law on the capacity of the commercial obligation.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة إشكالية إخضاع أهلية الملتزم الصرفي لقانون جنسيته، وذلك من خلال تحليل القوانين الوطنية والدولية المتعلقة بالأوراق التجارية مثل السفتجة والكمبيالة والشيك. يستند البحث إلى قانون جنيف الموحد لعام 1930 و1931، الذي يحدد أن أهلية الشخص للالتزام بالأوراق التجارية تُحدد وفقًا لقانون الدولة التي ينتمي إليها بجنسيته. ومع ذلك، يواجه هذا المبدأ تحديات عديدة بسبب اختلاف قوانين الجنسية بين الدول، وتعدد الجنسيات، وانعدام الجنسية، وتغيير الجنسية. كما أن هناك حالات يلجأ فيها الأجنبي ناقص الأهلية إلى طرق احتيالية لإخفاء نقص أهليته. تهدف الدراسة إلى تقديم حلول لهذه التحديات من خلال مقارنة القوانين السورية والمصرية، واقتراح تعديلات قانونية لتحسين تطبيق هذا المبدأ. تتضمن الدراسة تحليلًا مفصلًا للمبادئ العامة والاستثناءات المتعلقة بأهلية الملتزم الصرفي، بالإضافة إلى الصعوبات والحلول المقترحة لتطبيق القانون المناسب على هذه الأهلية.
Critical review
تُعد هذه الدراسة محاولة جادة لمعالجة إشكالية قانونية معقدة تتعلق بأهلية الملتزم الصرفي وقانون جنسيته. ومع ذلك، يمكن القول أن الدراسة قد أغفلت بعض الجوانب العملية التي يمكن أن تؤثر على تطبيق الحلول المقترحة. على سبيل المثال، لم تتناول الدراسة بشكل كافٍ كيفية تعامل المحاكم مع الحالات التي تتضمن تعدد الجنسيات أو انعدامها في السياق العملي. كما أن التركيز كان كبيرًا على القوانين السورية والمصرية دون النظر بشكل كافٍ إلى تجارب دول أخرى يمكن أن تقدم حلولًا مبتكرة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، كان من الممكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تضمنت تحليلًا للآثار الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لتطبيق هذه القوانين على التجارة الدولية.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الإشكالية الرئيسية التي تتناولها الدراسة؟

    الإشكالية الرئيسية هي إخضاع أهلية الملتزم الصرفي لقانون جنسيته والتحديات المرتبطة بتعدد الجنسيات، انعدام الجنسية، وتغيير الجنسية.

  2. ما هو القانون الدولي الذي يستند إليه البحث في تحليل أهلية الملتزم الصرفي؟

    يستند البحث إلى قانون جنيف الموحد لعام 1930 و1931 الخاص بالأوراق التجارية.

  3. ما هي الحلول المقترحة من قبل الباحثين لمعالجة إشكالية أهلية الملتزم الصرفي؟

    اقترح الباحثون تعديل القوانين الوطنية لتشمل ضوابط أكثر وضوحًا لأهلية الملتزم الصرفي، مثل إخضاع الأهلية لقانون محل إبرام التصرف أو موطن الملتزم بدلاً من قانون جنسيته.

  4. ما هي الانتقادات التي يمكن توجيهها للدراسة؟

    من الانتقادات الممكنة أن الدراسة لم تتناول بشكل كافٍ الجوانب العملية لتطبيق الحلول المقترحة، ولم تنظر بشكل كافٍ إلى تجارب دول أخرى، بالإضافة إلى عدم تحليل الآثار الاقتصادية والاجتماعية لتطبيق هذه القوانين.


References used
Convention providing a uniform law for bills of exchange and promissory notes (Geneva, 1930) the League of Nations
القانون المدني السوري رقم ( 84 ) لسنة ( 1949 )
(عبد العزيز) د. أحمد 2003 مسألة تعدد الجنسيات و موقف القانون السوري منها، مجلة جامعة دمشق للعلوم الاقتصادية و القانونية. المجلد التاسع عشر العدد الأول.
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