Probes are models devised to investigate the encoding of knowledge---e.g. syntactic structure---in contextual representations. Probes are often designed for simplicity, which has led to restrictions on probe design that may not allow for the full exp
loitation of the structure of encoded information; one such restriction is linearity. We examine the case of a structural probe (Hewitt and Manning, 2019), which aims to investigate the encoding of syntactic structure in contextual representations through learning only linear transformations. By observing that the structural probe learns a metric, we are able to kernelize it and develop a novel non-linear variant with an identical number of parameters. We test on 6 languages and find that the radial-basis function (RBF) kernel, in conjunction with regularization, achieves a statistically significant improvement over the baseline in all languages---implying that at least part of the syntactic knowledge is encoded non-linearly. We conclude by discussing how the RBF kernel resembles BERT's self-attention layers and speculate that this resemblance leads to the RBF-based probe's stronger performance.
The aim of this paper is to determine the best optical-probe
geometry that would help to detect neoplastic lesions in oral
epithelial tissue. Two Geometrical configurations are investigated.
The first one implements different distances between the
illumination and collection fibers, and the second one implements
different fiber diameters.
Both of these geometries are evaluated for their collection efficiency
and depth resolution. The effect of numerical aperture (NA) and
tissue optical properties on the fluorescence signal are also studied.
Optical properties of dysplastic tongue epithelial multi-layered
tissue were used as an input for Monte Carlo simulation. The results
show that the sensitivity to superficial layers can be achieved using
small fiber diameters. On the contrary, the sensitivity to deeper
layers can be achieved using larger distances between illumination
and collection fibers.
This research aims to inspect the defects and discontinuities in steel billet by
ultrasonic detector. Straight beam probe used to detect a lot number of imported steel
billets that clearly have internal defects.
The results showed the possibility
of initial detection by straight beam probe, and
initial defining the types of defects such as, micro and macro cracks, shrinkage defect,
blow holing, inclusion, porosity and others type of internal defects.
The experiments showed that if the necessity is defining the size of defects, this
requires angle beam probe in addition to straight beam probe.
This paper presents the measurements results of the velocity field of a flow
with vortical character behind a cylindrical model with a semispherical
head. Three different measuring methods have been used, i.e.: Laser –
Doppler – Anemometer (LDA),
Hotwire – Anemometer and Five – Hole –
Pressure -Probe.
A comparison between the obtained experimental results has been made
aiming to specify the accuracy and reliability of the velocity values,
measured by means of the a. m. three methods, and accordingly to
determine the reliable measurement range of each of these methods, taking
into consideration that the LDA – measurements results are the more
accurate and reliable ones, since LDA does not create any disturbances of
the flow field.
