The purpose of this paper is to identify the specifications of volcanic tuff (scoria) widespread in the south of Syria, many laboratory tests have been done for determining the basic physical properties of scoria the addition of compaction, shear res
istance, particle size distribution, and California bearing ratio. Also, an analytic study has been done to state the possibility of using scoria in filling by itself or after being mixed with clay (forming the greatest part of soils in south Syria), examining the change occurring in clay. So we have determined clay specifications, adding scoria to clay using different percentages:
(5% - 10% - 15% - 20% - 25% -30%)
Then we study the specifications of each mixture, such as compaction properties, shear resistance, particle-size distribution, and California bearing ratio.
The Petrological study of Clay deposits belonging to the lower
Cretaceous in the northern part of South Palmyra Folding Zone.
Showed they were formed as a result of weathering processes of
igneous rocks within Sedimentary continental climate is ho
t and wet
conditions, and formed lateritic iron soil, followed by enrich,
erosion and washing caused by watery agitate and re-replaced for
short distances within valleys or grooves or local karst cavities, and
later filled by crust erosion materials through the Cretaceous Sea
transgression.
The purpose of this research is to study the improvement of soil properties by the
addition of lime in certain percentages. The soil used in this study was obtained from the
Baseet region, which is located by the Syrian coast. We have studied the e
ffect of lime on
the consistency, the swell characteristics and the shear strength of soil.
The results of this study have shown a remarkable reduction of both liquid and
shrinkage limits, and the plasticity index with the increase of lime percentage. As for
plasticity limit, it increases in the beginning then decreases slightly with the rising of lime
percentage.
For the volumetric variation, the susceptibility of swelling and the shrinkage of
improved soil with lime decrease, and the free swelling and the swelling pressure become
almost negligible with 4% of lime.
Based on the shear strength results, we can indicate a notable increase in the friction
angle and cohesion of soil with increasing of lime percentage up to 8% of lime. After that,
these two factors decrease.
The ideal selection of raw materials in manufacturing process is a very important step to
develop this process and to improve the product. For this purpose, we search for initial
parameters to guide us in using clay materials (wherever it locate) i
n ceramic industry. These
parameters depend on physical properties of clay (Atterberg Limits). We follow experimental
and analytical methods for laboratories tests applied or clay, and for ceramic samples tests. We
deduct initial parameters which determine technical specification values for ceramic product,
and we derived mathematical formulas between clay properties and technical specification for
ceramic product. These parameters and formulas help us to achieve ideal investment for clay
ambushes either as pure raw materials or with suitable additives to reach on acceptable value
for water absorption of ceramic product which, at the end, specify the type of product according
to international specification.
In the context of this work, it was determine the best region to
invest, It is in the north of the valley Zkarh around the wells 7, 8 and
13, where the thickness of the clay level is large and thickness of
sedimentary cover overlying is few. The r
esults of the chemical
analysis of clay samples in the studied area, the abundance of oxides
of silicon and aluminum oxides in the mineral composition of clays
Which refers to the composition of argillaceous minerals component
mainly of Ilites in the most area and of montmorillonite in the
center of the area near the wells 15, 16 and 17 sites.
The clay was deposited in the study region from erosion of varying
composition rocks, as weathering of Lower Eocene chalky rocks
containing a cherty levels and weathering Cretaceous and
Paleogene carbonate deployed in the north of the Zkarh valley. The
chemical composition of clay of Zkarh Valley is typical for use in
the ceramic industry.
This research studies the economic importance of lower Cretaceous
clay deposits of South Palmyra folding zone. This study carried out
using appropriate research methods. The Palmyra sand formation,
which includes clays deposits, has divided into t
hree units depending
on its lithological facies. Its chemical and mineral composition and
physical properties had identified, it is mostly of Kaolinite, Illite, Quartz
and other secondary minerals.
In this research, we focus on the swelling properties of clay, the cation
exchange capacity and the efficacy content of clay in mud, to deal
ideally the drilling problems attached to clay formations in Syrian oil
and gas fields.
This research with additives of kaolin is
being carried out in order to improve different types of clay soil. It was
studied the nature and extent of the change on final product.
