The Side- effects of Some Insecticides to Be Used in Apple Orchards on The Adults of Egg Parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal (Trichogrammatidae: Hymenoptera)

The side-effect of six insecticides get to be used on apple trees in Syria were tested on the adults of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal. Using the exposure of adults to treatment glass plates for 24 hours. The highest recommended field application rate was applied. The classification of the International Organization for Biological Control for insecticides effect in adults mortality or reducing of parasitism was used (1, Harmless; 2, slightly harmful; 3, moderately harmful; 4, harmless). This study showed that Cloropyrifos, Deltamethrin and Acetamiprid and caused adults mortality 100%, and classified as harmful insecticides (glass 4) according to IOBC. While Diflubenzuron, lufenuron and fenoxycarb were slightly harmful in adults mortality (class 2) according to IOBC. Whereas was harmful to larval stage only, and moderately harmful to the egg and pupae. Acetamiprid was also harmful to the egg stage and moderately harmful to larvae and pupae. Whereas the insect growth regulator insecticides and the insect growth inhibitors (Diflubenzuron, Lufenuron and Fenoxycarb) caused reducing in parasitism (82.05, 56.03, 94.40)% for the three insecticides respectively, and classified (class 2, 2, 3) respectively according IOBC category compared with the parasitism in control 89.25%, also the latest three insecticides reduced significantly the longevity of adults which were survived after the exposure to treatment class plate compared with the control.

Primary field release of Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal (Trichogrammatidae, Hymenoptera) as a part of biological control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Tortricidae, Lepidoptera) at As-Sweida, Southern Syria

A trial to control codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., by releasing the egg parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal, was conducted for the first time at Syria in Al-Sweida Mountains, ٢٠٠١. This experiment was carried out in a young commercial apple orchard in Jabal Urman, Sweida. T. cacoeciae (Sy٢ strain) was released two times at a rate of ١٥٠ parasitoids/ tree/ release. Efficacy in reduction of fruit damage was ٣٤,٣٧٪ comparing with untreated one. Results showed that ٢ applications of this rate at the second generation were not efficient to prevent damage above the economic threshold but it could be used as a part of an integrated pest management program of this pest. Several factors that affect Trichogramma efficacy in the field are discussed.