Gender is widely discussed in the context of language tasks and when examining the stereotypes propagated by language models. However, current discussions primarily treat gender as binary, which can perpetuate harms such as the cyclical erasure of no
n-binary gender identities. These harms are driven by model and dataset biases, which are consequences of the non-recognition and lack of understanding of non-binary genders in society. In this paper, we explain the complexity of gender and language around it, and survey non-binary persons to understand harms associated with the treatment of gender as binary in English language technologies. We also detail how current language representations (e.g., GloVe, BERT) capture and perpetuate these harms and related challenges that need to be acknowledged and addressed for representations to equitably encode gender information.
This paper identifies some common and specific pitfalls in the development of sign language technologies targeted at deaf communities, with a specific focus on signing avatars. It makes the call to urgently interrogate some of the ideologies behind t
hose technologies, including issues of ethical and responsible development. The paper addresses four separate and interlinked issues: ideologies about deaf people and mediated communication, bias in data sets and learning, user feedback, and applications of the technologies. The paper ends with several take away points for both technology developers and deaf NGOs. Technology developers should give more consideration to diversifying their team and working interdisciplinary, and be mindful of the biases that inevitably creep into data sets. There should also be a consideration of the technologies' end users. Sign language interpreters are not the end users nor should they be seen as the benchmark for language use. Technology developers and deaf NGOs can engage in a dialogue about how to prioritize application domains and prioritize within application domains. Finally, deaf NGOs policy statements will need to take a longer view, and use avatars to think of a significantly better system compared to what sign language interpreting services can provide.
The purpose of this research is to know the reality of the use of educational
techniques and laboratory devices in secondary vocational schools in Lattakia
Governorate, The research adopted descriptive analytical method through a questionnaire
con
sisting of (50) words distributed on four axes, has been verified the validity and
stability through appropriate statistical methods, And then applied to the study sample
which consisted of (127) teachers, assistant teachers and vocational teachers in a number of
vocational secondary schools in Lattakia Governorate during the second semester of the
academic year (2016-2017), The most important findings of the research:
-The degree of ownership of the competencies of the use of educational techniques
and laboratory devices in vocational schools and the degree of use of these techniques and
devices medium.
-The degree of obstacles to the use of educational techniques and laboratory devices
in vocational schools and the degree of requirements for the development of this use is
high.
- There were no statistically significant differences in the identification of the reality
of the use of educational techniques and lab equipment in secondary vocational schools in
Lattakia Governorate according to the variables of the place of study and the job title.
- There were statistically significant differences in the possession of competencies in
the use of educational techniques and laboratory devices in vocational schools and the use
of these techniques and devices according to the variable training courses for those who
followed one or more courses. There were no differences regarding the obstacles of using
educational techniques and laboratory equipment in vocational schools.
The research concluded with a set of proposals aimed at developing the use of
educational techniques and laboratory equipment in vocational secondary schools in
Lattakia Governorate.
This study evaluates the energetic and environmental performances
of a group of renewable energy technologies widely used in the
residential sector, by applying them to a typical housing unit that
resembles to some extent our local housing units.
Then comparing
those technologies with the conventional ones.
The renewable energy technologies used in this study are:
thermosiphon domestic solar water heater with evacuated tube
collector, PV system, geothermal heat pump (GSHP), in addition to
four hybrid systems that include: the solar water heater with three
types of backup systems (diesel, electricity and natural gas) and a
hybrid system that combines between the geothermal heat pump
and a PV system to operate it.
IDDQ testing techniques are used to detect the physical defects
such gate oxide shorts,floating gates and bridging faults, and which
happen for the presence of manufacturing faults during the
manufacturing processes of CMOS integrated circuits, wh
ich
cannot be detected by classical logical testing.
This study will put spot light on web applications testing methods
and tools from the security aspects, and we will explain the details
about using these tools, after we have explained the most famous
weak points and vulnerabilities that web appli
cations suffer from.
At the end we will evaluate these tools.
By this study we try to help developers to choose the most
suitable method and tool for their needs.
