This research identifies
some improved protocols which support multiple paths between
source and destination.
Mobile wireless networks consist of a set of cooperative and
mobile nodes, each node can move randomly at a specific speed
in all directions without any control of a central manager. This type
of networks has become a hot research topic due to its
military
application and suitability for emergencies and natural disasters.
Due to the lack of fixed infrastructure, the routing process
becomes the major problem in this type of networks, where the
responsibility of routing is transferred to each node. Over the last
few years, a number of traditional routing protocols has been
proposed, but these protocols do not support quality of service in
different environments.
Some studies have improved some of these protocols to support
quality of service for specific environments. This research
identifies and analysis some of these improved protocols.
The dynamic clustering-based hierarchical routing protocols are one of the methods
used to save energy and increase the lifetime of wireless sensor networks, however, that
most of the researches are neglecting the energy expended in election of the
heads and
formation of clusters in the network.
In this paper, we examine the overhead energy caused by hierarchical routing
protocols based on dynamic clustering and study its impact on the stability period of the
wireless sensor networks. Also, we proposed a solution to limit this energy by reducing the
consumed energy in election of heads and clusters formation operations. It is shown
through the simulation results that the energy consumed in LEACH setup phase decreases
the stability period of these networks and increases the number of dead nodes. And the use
of the proposed solution reduced the energy consumption during the election of the heads
and the formation of clusters clearly compared to the normal way followed in LEACH,
which has increased stability period and the number of live nodes in the network.
The low cost, ease of deployment has exposed WSNs an attractive choice for numerous applications,like environmental monitoring applications , security applications, real time tracking, and so on.
But in reality, these networks are operated on batte
ry with limitations in their computation capabilities, memory, bandwidth ,so they called networks with resource constrained nature, and this impels various challenges in its design and its performance.
Limited battery capacity of sensor nodes makes energy efficiency a major and challenge problem in wireless sensor networks. Thus, the routing protocols for wireless sensor networks must be energy efficient in order to maximize the network lifetime.
In this paper we simulated LEACH,SEP,DEEC,TEEN routing protocols and evaluated their performance by comparing with DT routing protocol in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks on MATLAB.
Real-time multimedia transport over MANET has stringent bandwidth, delay, and loss requirements. It is
a great challenge to support such applications in wireless ad hoc networks, which are characterized by
frequent link failures, congestion, and lack of central administration.
