The Special Drawing Rights (SDR) is an innovative system made by the
International Monetary Fund. It was coined to resolve the problem of the lack of
liquidity that faced by the international community in the late sixties of the twentieth
century.
The system of SDR was executed with the First Amendment to the Agreement of the
International Monetary Fund in 1969, although of the International dispute
regarding many topics, Such as the enclosure of SDR as a key component inside the
international monetary system, the legal nature of SDR, and the size and the role
that it should take.
Three versions of the SDRs have been produced. The latest and largest one was 161.2
billion units, which is equivalent to 250 billion USD, to be added to the earlier
smaller versions.
This study addresses the SDR through few points:
The first one deals with the concept of SDR and the origin of its inception. The
second focuses on its legal nature, and obligations of its users. The third point deals
with the mechanism of the allocation of SDR. The fourth addresses the reality of the
SDR, and the difference between its system and the system which is based on the
dollar. The fifth and last point looks at amending the SDR system, and providing
possible scenarios for its future role. ...
There are several aspects of the relationship between International Monetary
Fund (IMF) and World Trade Organization (WTO). Although of the overlapping
matters which they concern with, as the IMF concerns with exchange matters, where
as the WTO ca
res to liberalizing of international trade, nevertheless, it seems they
are tangled in details. So, it is difficult to separate international trade fromexchange
matters.
This research deals with the relationship between IMF andWTO through three
points:
First point responses to the question: what are the legal bases of relationship
between IMF and WTO?
The second one focuses on differences in scope and exercise of jurisdiction, in
order to clarify that the purposes of the WTO and the IMF are complementary,
although they are asymmetrical organizations.
Third point searches on homogeneous rights and obligations in both
organizations, especially as to Articles of WTO’s Agreements which relate to IMF’s
jurisdiction, such as exchange restrictions in the GATT and in the GATS. ...
