A Study of Yield, its Components, and Some Technological Characteristics of Local and Introduced Varieties of Bread Wheat

Eight varieties of soft wheat T.aestivum L. were used in the study, four of which were local (sham 6, sham 8, sham 10 and bohoth 4) and four introduced varieties obtained from the Scientific Agricultural Research Center (Tugela, Betta, Bezenchukskaya98 and saratovskaya210) and grown during the periods (2011-2012 and 2012-2013) at Qabu Al Awwamiyya near Lattakia City. The following readings were taken for the studied varieties (yield, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, weight of 1000 grains, protein content proportion of gluten, ash, and moisture content). Data was analyzed statistically using an analysis of variance. The results showed significant differences between the local and introduced varieties on the one hand, and between the varieties themselves on the other hand. Local varieties were better than the introduced varieties with regards to the protein content, moisture content, proportion of gluten, yield, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, and the 1000-grain weight. The introduced varieties however were superior in plant height and ash. The best varieties among local varieties were (Sham 6 and Sham 10), and Betta among the introduced ones.

The effect of salinity on proline and carbohydrate contenets in three bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) in vegetative growth stage in hydroponic cultures

This study was carried out in 2009-2011, in the laboratories of science faculty - Tishreen University. The seeds of three genotypes: Sham8, Sakha8,AUS 29639 of bread wheat were planted in hydroponic cultures irrigated with Hoagland liquid in a growth chamber to compare the effect of three salt concentrations (0, 100,200 mm of NaCl) on proline and carbohydrate contents in three growth stages 21, 28, 35 of the experiment. There was an increase of proline and carbohydrate contents in all cultivars with increased salinity during the three growth stages of plants. Proline contents increased in Sham8 with low rates compare with Sakha8, AUS 29639. It increased in Sakha8 with the increase of salinity which reached 348% in the third growth stage in concentration 200 mm NaCl, while Proline concentration reached the highest value in AUS 29639 (524%). The carbohydrate content reached the highest value in Sakha8 in NaCl concentration 200 in the first growth stage (238070%) compared with the control, and (204.34%) in third stage in NaCl concentration 200mM compare with the control. The results of the study indicate the superiority of Sakha8, AUS 29639 in salt tolerance through accumulating suitable rates of proline and carbohydrates. AUS 29639 was more resistant to salt stress than Sakha8. We may use these results later in other physiological and genetical studies.

The Effect Of GibberellicAcid in Enhancing Salt Tolerance On Yield Components Of Wheat (TriticumaestivumL.)

At Tishreen University in the Faculty of Agriculture a study was performed during the year(2014-2015),The experiment aimd to demonstrate the effect of increasing concentrations of both sodium chloride(0,10,15,20 dsm-1) and gibberellic acid(0,25,75,100 mg/l) and their interaction on some yield components of weat (SHAM10).The experiment was designed as Completely Randomized Design(CRD)by three replicates(3x4x4).Data were statistically analyzed to find out the least significal differences (LSD)between treatment at(0,05)level.Results indicated that increasing of sodium chloride concentration caused significant decreases in yield components(biological yield,spikelength,numberofspikelets/spike,number of grains/spike,weight of1000 grain and grains yield/pot.The treatment with GA3 acid especially (75)mg/l indicated significant increases in all averages of yield components.Results of interacions for both factors indicated that foliar aplication of GA3 acid counteracted that advers effects of high concentrations of sodium chlorde of yield components of the (SHAM10).

Genotype x Environment Interaction and Yield Stability Analysis of Some Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes at Different Locations in the Syrian Coast

Eleven genotypes of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were tested at three diverse locations in the Syrian Coast during the 2015-2016 season under rain-fed conditions to assess these genotypes and to study the Genotypes x Environments Interactions, and yield stability across environments using 5 statistical measures of stability:{ X¯i, bi, and i according to Eberhart and Russell (1966), Stability Variance Index (2 i) according to Wricke and Weber (1980), Ecovalance Stability Index (Wi) according to Wricke (1962)}. Genetic material included 5 promising lines and 6 local varieties (provided by ACSAD and GCSAR).The experiment was designed using randomized complete block design with three replications, statistical data analysis was done, and least significant difference (L.S.D) test at 5% was applied for comparison of means. Significant differences were observed among bread wheat genotypes for grain yield (ton/ha), combined analysis of variance of grain yield across the three environments showed significant mean squares due to genotypes, environments and genotypes x environments interaction, suggesting differential responses of genotypes across studied environments and validity of stability analysis. Stability analysis for grain yield revealed that; the promising line ACSAD-1147 and Doma6 were more stable than other genotypes. Due to they had superior ranks for both average yield over environments and yield stability, which reveals the importance of these genotypes to reach varieties that combine relatively high yield and better stability in any future breeding programs.