This study aims to use the ash formed from the burning of firewood and the different
pruning residues to remove the hardness of water
Soda ash was characterized using different techniques, including XRD,flame
spectroscopy , volume titration and ot
hers.
These methods aim to determine the composition of the ash and the components
which are contributing to the removal process.
The optimum mixing time was determined using certain amount of soda ash to the
hard water and the water hardness was determined in the rang of time (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and
5h) where the ideal time was 3 hours.
The removal ratios were determined when the mixing time of the two phases was 3
h, and adding directly the following quantities of ash (0.5,1,2,3,5,7,10,15,20,25) g to 200
ml of highly hardened water. The removal rate was increased by increasing the amount of
added ash. The removal rate was approximately 50% when 1 g of ash was used and the
complete removal rate of 100% was achieved when the amount of ash was 25 g.
This research aims at showing the characteristics of
electromechanical system and present influence of regulator factor
in feed back loop (electrical methods of control ) for reducing these
dynamic loads by using the optimal value of the factor without
reduction of quick operation .
The thickness of the diffusion layers was studied, along with the phases and the microstructure and
composition, across the depth in diffusion zone. The obtained results proved the effect of nitriding
system in the growth of the diffusion layers on
surface of double composite martensitic - austenitic alloy
steel.
Analysis of mechanical and tribological characteristics of treated double composite steel under dry
friction was also studied. It was found that diffusion treatment had a significant influence on work
capacity of tested alloy. Stability of alloy after nitriding was (2.5-4) times higher in magnitude
compared to untreated alloy.
فولاذ سبائكي ذو بنية مركبة
تقسية و إرجاع
نتردة غازية
بنية و تركيب طوري
طبقات انتشارية
قساوة سطحية
خواص ميكانيكية و تريبولوجية
Double composite alloy steel
hardening and tempering
gas nitriding
diffusion layers
microstructure and phase composition
surface hardness
mechanical and tribological properties
المزيد..
This paper provides a mechanism to study aluminum diffusion microstructure, phase
structure and different properties of the aluminized layer in carbon steel.
The results of aluminized treatment in saturated medium lead to the formation of diffusion
layer coating that contains iron aluminide and a- solid solution of aluminum in the unit cell of
iron.
The effect of aluminizing process parameters on the aluminizing layer, especially the
effect of temperature and time, has been shown to increase the depth of the aluminized layer
when temperature and time increase, but the effect of temperature is greater than time.
The effect of two - mass system factors on the quality and quality of
transient states , particularly the effect of mechanical rigidity has been
studied in this research .
Besides , mathematical expression which can calculate the optimal value of
rigidity and provide the minimum extent of electromechanical vibrations
have been obtained .
Characteristics and schematic diagrams that prove the effect of mechanical
rigidity on the behaviour of the transient state are illustrated .
These methods help to improve the performance of automatic control
systems in order to provide the minimum dynamic loads without reduction
of the machine productivity.
