The effect of diabetes mellitus type II on pulmonary function

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a leading public health problem with increasing incidence and long term complications. These complications are mainly a consequence of macro-vascular and microvascular damages of the target organs. The incidence of several pulmonary abnormalities during the course of Diabetes Mellitus because the presence of an extensive microvascular circulation and abundant connective tissue in the lungs , raises the possibility that lung tissue may be a target organ in diabetic patients. Objectives: This research is designed to study the impact of DM and both the duration of the disease and the glycemic control on pulmonary function tests. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study carried out on 75 patients with type II diabetes mellitus patients at Tishreen University Hospital in the period between October 2015 and October 2016 .We compared with a control group consisted of 75 non diabetic healthy persons . Measurement of HbA1C , fasting plasma glucose (FPG) , and spirometry were made to all subjects and the following pulmonary function parameters were recorded: Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), and Forced Expiratory Volume percent (FEV1/ FVC%) . Results were analyzed by calculating Mean ± SD, using X2 test , Karl Pearson correlation and ANOVA test. Results: The mean FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC% values were low in diabetics (p value <0.05) compared to healthy non-diabetics (control group). Also, uncontrolled diabetics show a greater decrease in these values than controlled diabetics. There was a greater decrease in these values in patients with long period of disease . Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that, the lung is a target organ for damage in DM and diabetics show a decrease in PFTs with a restrictive pattern lesion compared with non-diabetics . And this deterioration is exaggerated in uncontrolled diabetics and with the long duration of DM .

The Effect of Septoplasty on Pulmonary Functions

The objectives of this study were to assess the changes in pulmonary function after surgical correction of deviated nasal septum for nasal obstruction. Methods: A total of 81 patients with DNS with the complaints of nasal obstruction underwent septoplasty were involved in this before-after prospective study. Demographic data, clinical and physical examination including anterior and posterior rhinoscopy was performed. Pre- and post-surgery (after 1 and 3 month) spirometry was done on these patients. FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEF25-75% and the ratio of FEV1 to FVC were the parameters measured. And the results were analyzed using various statistical tools for difference in spirometry findings depending on age group, gender, smoking and duration of disease. Results: Postoperative all PFT values, except for FEV1/FVC% value, were significantly higher than the preoperative values. Postoperative FEV1/FVC% value was significantly lower than preoperative value. The improvement was more in younger age groups, and it was more in nasal obstruction of shorter duration. There was no significant difference in improvement among males and females or among smoker and non-smokers. Conclusion: These findings suggest that septoplasty has a positive effect on pulmonary functions improvement in patients with nasal obstruction due to deviated nasal septum. And this improvement may be affected by age and the duration of obstruction, but not related to gender or smoking.