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Transition probability densities are fundamental to option pricing. Advancing recent work in deep learning, we develop novel transition density function generators through solving backward Kolmogorov equations in parametric space for cumulative probability functions, using neural networks to obtain accurate approximations of transition probability densities, creating ultra-fast transition density function generators offline that can be trained for any underlying. These are single solve , so they do not require recalculation when parameters are changed (e.g. recalibration of volatility) and are portable to other option pricing setups as well as to less powerful computers, where they can be accessed as quickly as closed-form solutions. We demonstrate the range of application for one-dimensional cases, exemplified by the Black-Scholes-Merton model, two-dimensional cases, exemplified by the Heston process, and finally for a modified Heston model with time-dependent parameters that has no closed-form solution.
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have recently also been applied to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). In this work, the classical problem of pricing European and American financial options, based on the corresponding PDE formulations, is
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We propose a general, very fast method to quickly approximate the solution of a parabolic Partial Differential Equation (PDEs) with explicit formulas. Our method also provides equaly fast approximations of the derivatives of the solution, which is a
We introduce a general decision tree framework to value an option to invest/divest in a project, focusing on the model risk inherent in the assumptions made by standard real option valuation methods. We examine how real option values depend on the dy
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