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A theoretical study of the intense-field multiphoton ionization of hydrogenlike systems is performed by solving the time-dependent Dirac equation within the dipole approximation. It is shown that the velocity-gauge results agree to the ones in length gauge only if the negative-energy states are included in the time propagation. On the other hand, for the considered laser parameters, no significant difference is found in length gauge if the negative-energy states are included or not. Within the adopted dipole approximation the main relativistic effect is the shift of the ionization potential. A simple scaling procedure is proposed to account for this effect.
We address the concept of direct multiphoton multiple ionization in atoms exposed to intense, short wavelength radiation and explore the conditions under which such processes dominate over the sequential. Their contribution is shown to be quite robus
Two numerical methods are used to evaluate the relativistic spectrum of the two-centre Coulomb problem (for the $H_{2}^{+}$ and $Th_{2}^{179+}$ diatomic molecules) in the fixed nuclei approximation by solving the single particle time-independent Dira
The validation and parallel implementation of a numerical method for the solution of the time-dependent Dirac equation is presented. This numerical method is based on a split operator scheme where the space-time dependence is computed in coordinate s
We investigate scaling rules for the ionization cross sections of multicharged ions on molecules of biological interest. The cross sections are obtained using a methodology presented in [Mendez et al. J. Phys B (2020)], which considers distorted-wave
We present a non-perturbative solution of the Schrodinger equation $ipsi_t(t,x)=-psi_{xx}(t,x)-2(1 +alpha sinomega t) delta(x)psi(t,x)$, written in units in which $hbar=2m=1$, describing the ionization of a model atom by a parametric oscillating pote