The recent researches in non equilibrium and far from equilibrium systems have been proved to be useful for their applications in different disciplines and many subjects. A general principle to approach all these phenomena with a unique method of ana
lysis is required in science and engineering: a variational principle would have this fundamental role. Here, the Gouy-Stodola theorem is proposed to be this general variational principle, both proving that it satisfies the above requirements and relating it to a statistical results on entropy production.
The least action principle seems not to lead to equations describing the motion consistent with the physical behavior for nonholonomic constrains. Here an answer to this question in proposed.
The principle of maximum irreversible is proved to be a consequence of a stochastic order of the paths inside the phase space; indeed, the system evolves on the greatest path in the stochastic order. The result obtained is that, at the stability, the
entropy generation is maximum and, this maximum value is consequence of the stochastic order of the paths in the phase space, while, conversely, the stochastic order of the paths in the phase space is a consequence of the maximum of the entropy generation at the stability.
The variational method is very important in mathematical and theoretical physics because it allows us to describe the natural systems by physical quantities independently from the frame of reference used. A global and statistical approach have been i
ntroduced starting from non-equilibrium thermodynamics, obtaining the principle of maximum entropy generation for the open systems. This principle is a consequence of the lagrangian approach to the open systems. Here it will be developed a general approach to obtain the thermodynamic hamiltonian for the dynamical study of the open systems. It follows that the irreversibility seems to be the fundamental phenomenon which drives the evolution of the states of the open systems.
Irreversibility and maximum generation in $kappa$-generalized statistical mechanics
In 2009, it was shown that, with an original approach to hydrodynamic cavitation, a phenomenological model was realized in order to compute some of the physical parameters needed for the design of the most common technological applications (turbo-mac
hinery, etc.) with an economical saving in planning because this analysis could allow engineers to reduce the experimental tests and the consequent costs in the design process. Here the same approach has been used to obtain range of some physical quantity for jet engine optimization.
This paper develops an analytical and rigorous formulation of the maximum entropy generation principle. The result is suggested as the Fourth Law of Thermodynamics.
One of the main challenges of the industry today is to face its impact on global warming considering that the greenhouse effect problem is not be solved completely yet. Magnetic refrigeration represents an environment-safe refrigeration technology. T
he magnetic refrigeration is analysed using the second law analysis and introducing exergy in order to obtain a model for engineering application.
