Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are important datasets for modelling the line of sight, such as radio signals, sound waves and human vision. These are commonly analyzed using rotational sweep algorithms. However, such algorithms require large numbers
of memory accesses to 2D arrays which, despite being regular, result in poor data locality in memory. Here, we propose a new methodology called skewed Digital Elevation Model (sDEM), which substantially improves the locality of memory accesses and increases the inherent parallelism involved in the computation of rotational sweep-based algorithms. In particular, sDEM applies a data restructuring technique before accessing the memory and performing the computation. To demonstrate the high efficiency of sDEM, we use the problem of total viewshed computation as a case study considering different implementations for single-core, multi-core, single-GPU and multi-GPU platforms. We conducted two experiments to compare sDEM with (i) the most commonly used geographic information systems (GIS) software and (ii) the state-of-the-art algorithm. In the first experiment, sDEM is on average 8.8x faster than current GIS software despite being able to consider only few points because of their limitations. In the second experiment, sDEM is 827.3x faster than the state-of-the-art algorithm in the best case.
We prove that the universal covering of a complete locally symmetric normal metric contact pair manifold is a Calabi-Eckmann manifold. Moreover we show that a complete, simply connected, normal metric contact pair manifold such that the foliation ind
uced by the vertical subbundle is regular and reflections in the integral submanifolds of the vertical subbundle are isometries, then the manifold is the product of globally $phi$-symmetric spaces and fibers over a locally symmetric space endowed with a symplectic pair.
We consider manifolds endowed with metric contact pairs for which the two characteristic foliations are orthogonal. We give some properties of the curvature tensor and in particular a formula for the Ricci curvature in the direction of the sum of the
two Reeb vector fields. This shows that metrics associated to normal contact pairs cannot be flat. Therefore flat non-Kahler Vaisman manifolds do not exist. Furthermore we give a local classification of metric contact pair manifolds whose curvature vanishes on the vertical subbundle. As a corollary we have that flat associated metrics can only exist if the leaves of the characteristic foliations are at most three-dimensional.
We discuss a correspondence between certain contact pairs on the one hand, and certain locally conformally symplectic forms on the other. In particular, we characterize these structures through suspensions of contactomorphisms. If the contact pair is
endowed with a normal metric, then the corresponding lcs form is locally conformally Kaehler, and, in fact, Vaisman. This leads to classification results for normal metric contact pairs. In complex dimension two we obtain a new proof of Belguns classification of Vaisman manifolds under the additional assumption that the Kodaira dimension is non-negative. We also produce many examples of manifolds admitting locally conformally symplectic structures but no locally conformally Kaehler ones.
We consider manifolds endowed with a contact pair structure. To such a structure are naturally associated two almost complex structures. If they are both integrable, we call the structure a normal contact pair. We generalize the Morimotos Theorem on
product of almost contact manifolds to flat bundles. We construct some examples on Boothby--Wang fibrations over contact-symplectic manifolds. In particular, these results give new methods to construct complex manifolds.
We formulate and prove the analogue of Mosers stability theorem for locally conformally symplectic structures. As special cases we recover some results previously proved by Banyaga.
We introduce the notion of contact pair structure and the corresponding associated metrics, in the same spirit of the geometry of almost contact structures. We prove that, with respect to these metrics, the integral curves of the Reeb vector fields a
re geodesics and that the leaves of the Reeb action are totally geodesic. Mreover, we show that, in the case of a metric contact pair with decomposable endomorphism, the characteristic foliations are orthogonal and their leaves carry induced contact metric structures.
We study the fields of endomorphisms intertwining pairs of symplectic structures. Using these endomorphisms we prove an analogue of Mosers theorem for simultaneous isotopies of two families of symplectic forms. We also consider the geometric structur
es defined by pairs and triples of symplectic forms for which the squares of the intertwining endomorphisms are plus or minus the identity. For pairs of forms we recover the notions of symplectic pairs and of holomorphic symplectic structures. For triples we recover the notion of a hypersymplectic structure, and we also find three new structures that have not been considered before. One of these is the symplectic formulation of hyper-Kaehler geometry, which turns out to be a strict generalization of the usual definition in terms of differential or Kaehler geometry.
We prove Gray--Moser stability theorems for complementary pairs of forms of constant class defining symplectic pairs, contact-symplectic pairs and contact pairs. We also consider the case of contact-symplectic and contact-contact structures, in which
the constant class condition on a one-form is replaced by the condition that its kernel hyperplane distribution have constant class in the sense of E. Cartan.
We study the geometry of manifolds carrying symplectic pairs consisting of two closed 2-forms of constant ranks, whose kernel foliations are complementary. Using a variation of the construction of Boothby and Wang we build contact-symplectic and contact pairs from symplectic pairs.
