In this paper an improved analytical method for estimating the limiting
drawing ratio (LDR) for deep drawing of cylindrical cup (the first
drawing stage) is presented . In this method, the effects of
parameters such as blank holder force , coeffic
ient of friction, strain
hardening exponent, normal plastic anisotropy ratio on LDR is
investigated .
The Special Drawing Rights (SDR) is an innovative system made by the
International Monetary Fund. It was coined to resolve the problem of the lack of
liquidity that faced by the international community in the late sixties of the twentieth
century.
The system of SDR was executed with the First Amendment to the Agreement of the
International Monetary Fund in 1969, although of the International dispute
regarding many topics, Such as the enclosure of SDR as a key component inside the
international monetary system, the legal nature of SDR, and the size and the role
that it should take.
Three versions of the SDRs have been produced. The latest and largest one was 161.2
billion units, which is equivalent to 250 billion USD, to be added to the earlier
smaller versions.
This study addresses the SDR through few points:
The first one deals with the concept of SDR and the origin of its inception. The
second focuses on its legal nature, and obligations of its users. The third point deals
with the mechanism of the allocation of SDR. The fourth addresses the reality of the
SDR, and the difference between its system and the system which is based on the
dollar. The fifth and last point looks at amending the SDR system, and providing
possible scenarios for its future role. ...
The reduction of the production faults and the increase of the
production efficiency of the ring spinning machines is considered the ultimate goal of the yarns producers. In spite of the huge development of this industry, there are still some unsolv
ed problems that the designers of the ring spinning machines are hoping to solve. One of these problems is to design a draughting device that reduces the breakages of threads that occur in the first draughting pair, i.e. in the rubber pressure roller with the front metallic cylinder, where there are high speed and high pressure on the fibres passing between the rubber
roller and the grooved metallic cylinder. The breakages of the threads occur because of these sharp metallic grooves.
The results of theoretical and experimental studies performed in this research has shown that encrusting the grooved areas of the metallic cylinder with a layer of rubber can reduce the breakages in the fibres and the spun yarns, and greatly improve the physical properties of these yarns.
Yarn quality produced is essential to the economic success of
spinning plants. International competition and market requirements
dictate the necessity to produce quality yarns at an acceptable price.
The copper wire drawing is one of cold forming operations which
basicly the copper is used as pure material for various diameters &
sections in electrical conductors industry.
By cooperation with S.M.C company for cables industry in
Damascus – Sy
ria, a research has been done during 2 years on rod
breakdown heavy drawing machine -HENRICH - GERMANY- 2
lines- with max productivity 25 ton/24hr.
50 samples of copper wire breaks and deformations have been
studied & analyzed, thus the defects are classified in main statistics
diagrams in gold of give main instructions that contribute in raising
the quality level of local copper wire manufacturing & giving a
whole view about this industry.