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Register a new userEvaluation The Hydrogeological Conditions of The Unconfined Aquifer in The Area Located Between The AL-Sin and AL-Rous Rivers in the Syrian Coast
تقويم الظروف الهيدروجيولوجية لطبقة المياه الجوفية الحرة في المنطقة الواقعة بين نهري السن و الروس في الساحل السوري
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تقع منطقة البحث في الساحل السوري بين نهري السن و الروس. و يهدف البحث إلى دراسة الخصائص الهيدروجيولوجية للطبقة الحاملة للمياه الجوفية الحرة في منطقة البحث، و تقويم ظروف توضعها، حيث اعتمد البحث على شبكة رصدٍ تتألف من 36 بئراً للمراقبة تخترق الطبقة الحاملة الجوفية الحرة، و استمرّت القياسات فيها خلال الفترة (تشرين الأول 2016 حتى أيلول 2017). تتراوح أعماق المياه الجوفية الحرة في منطقة البحث بين 0.5-11.5 m، و تصل أحياناً خلال فترة الجفاف إلى 13.5m، بينما تكون قريبة من سطح الأرض شتاءً و تصل إلى 0.1m في بعض الآبار. كما تتراوح الناقلية الكهربائية للمياه الجوفية بين (550-3700) µs حيث تزداد كلما اتجهنا غرباً و تبلغ 9000 µs و أكثر في الآبار القريبة من البحر خلال فترة الجفاف. تنخفض مناسيب المياه الجوفية إلى مستوى أدنى من منسوب سطح البحر في الآبار القريبة من الشاطئ مما يحقق الشروط الهيدروديناميكية لاندساس مياه البحر ضمن الطبقة الحاملة للمياه الجوفية الحرة.
The research area is located in the Syrian coast between the Sin and Rous river. This research aims at studying the hydrogeological characteristics of the unconfined aquifer in the research area and evaluating the conditions of its placed. The research was based on a monitoring network consisting of 36 wells that penetrate the unconfined aquifer, and measurements continued during the period (October 2016 until September 2017). The unconfined groundwater depths in the research area range between 0.5-11.5 m, and sometimes during the drought period reach to 13.5 m, while it is close to the surface in the winter and up to 0.1m in some wells. The electrical conductivity ranges between 550-3700 μs/cm, increasing as we go west and reaching 9,000 μs/cm and more in the wells near the sea during the dry period. Groundwater levels Lower in the dry period to below sea level in near-shore wells, achieves the hydrodynamic conditions of the seawater intrusion.
References used
HARTLEY, J.; HOLDSWORTH, R. E.; MORTON, A. C.; STOKER, M. S. Groundwater in the Celtic Regions: Studies in Hard Rock and Quaternary Hydrogeology. London, 2000, 282
SEN, Z. Applied Hydrogeology for Scientists & Engineers. CRC press. Inc, U.S.A, 1995, 434
HOLMEN, L.G.; STIGSSON, M. Modelling of future hydrogeological conditions at SFR. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co., Stockholm (Sweden). 32, 2001, 12-40
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This is a study of free groundwater level changes through time, and the level of its being affected by natural and artificial factors, which allows evaluating general water situation of the aquifer. This study shows that groundwater system in the stu
dy area from the type of water division line (climatic system) connects in direct connection with infiltration from rainfalls in which the natural factors (recharge) play the main role in forming the system of groundwater, in addition to the artificial factors (irrigation), and these factors yield three periods of the obvious terminal changes of the levels in hydrologic year (descending, stability, ascending). However, groundwater is renewable because of stability in the situations of this water, and its discharge to hydrodynamic net of groundwater in Al-kabir al-shimali and Al-snobar rivers and in the Mediterranean Sea as well.
This research discusses the way of defining hydogeological parameters by using
monitored data of the ground water system, for defining the values of these coefficients on
large areas, which has a practical significance especially in modeling the hy
drogeological
problems which allows explaining and checking the hydrodynamic and the
hydrogeological structures of the area and the reasons of changing the filteration properties
of the aquifer.
It appears that transmissivity varied from 36 to 570 m2/day, the permeability
from 1 to 53 m/day, and the water yield from low to medium between 0.00004 and 0.2
because of the rising of the coefficient of diffusion.
The filtration recharge approximately from 1 - 40% from the rain falls.
The obtained results are in good conformity with the geological characteristics -
structural and litologic - facies characteristics for the study area.
AlSin Spring spurts at the foot of coastal mountains and pours in The Mediterranean sea
near Arab-Almulk village. Presently, spring water used for drinking, irrigation and
industry, while excess water goes to sea.
Current research aims to determin
e the daily discharge response to daily rainfall, and to set
an equation for recession discharge for predicting spring discharge and volumes of flow
after definite time from the beginning of spring base flow, which allows to operate and
manipulate available water resources through an optimum design of water intake from this
spring.
Response time of AlSin Spring between (3-5) days for average discrete daily rainfall with
high intensity which caused 0.5 ~ 1.0 m3/sec increasing in spring discharge value.
Yearly discharge trends to decrease with a rate of 0.0975 m3/sec between 1974 and 2016
years. While the monthly minimum discharges increase about 0.1284 m3/sec, and monthly
maximums decrease about 0.0752 m3/sec between 1994 and 2016.
We recommend adopting recession curve analysis to predict the optimal discharge of
springs within definite periods.
The study and design of water-intakes on springs is based on the analysis of time series of
historical measurements to achieve prediction of incoming water volumes or future
expected.
The research aims to model the monthly water flows of AL-SIN Sp
ring in Syrian Coast
and future expectations of these flows, by adopting the Box-Jenkins models to analyze the
time series data, due to its reliable accuracy. Monthly water flows, thus, monthly volumes,
for 101 month (from June 2008 to October 2016) were processed. Performing the stability
of the time series on variance and median and non-seasonality and making the wanted tests
on model residuals, we found that the best model to represent the data is SARIMA(2,0,1)
(2,1,0)12 , and after dividing the data into 81 month to build the model and 20 month to test
it. Depending on the smallest of weighted mean of criteria RMSE, MAP, MAE,. The best
predicted model was SARIMA (3,1,0) (1,1,0)12 and the model gave the nearest predicted
values to actually measured data in spring.
Results of this research which had been done by hydrogeological and geoelectrical survey for fresh water resources in the study region (wells and springs) show that the fundamental aquifer of underground water in AL-SIN region belongs to Jurassic. Th
e alimentary basin of AL-SIN spring depend upon filtration of rain water and snow throw Jurassic formation from north and north–east of basin. Direction of underground water circulation on west and south-west where we find flow place of AL-SIN spring and submarine springs near seashore.
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