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Estimation of Combining Ability in Al-Salamoniah Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids for Some Quantitative Traits Under Two Dates of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application

دراسة القدرة على الائتلاف في هجن من الذرة السلمونية (Zea mays L.) لبعض الصفات الكمية تحت موعدين للتسميد الآزوتي

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 Publication date 2013
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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This research aimed to evaluate the general and specific combining ability components for six inbred lines and 15 hybrids produced by a half diallel cross method, and was conducted during 2010-2011 seasons, in the Department of the Maize Researches at G.C.S.A.R. Damascus . The evaluation included the grain yield, ear height, ear length, and silking under two different treatments of nitrogen fertilizer (1- addition of 50% of N-fertilizer with sowing and the other 50% one month after sowing. 2- addition of 50% of N-fertilizer 18 days after sowing and 50% one month after sowing).and 3 replicates. Results indicated that: Mean squares of inbred lines, and hybrids were highly significant for all studied traits under two adding dates of nitrogen fertilizer, which indicated the presence of genetic distance among parental lines. The ratios ( 2 GCA/ 2 SCA) showed that additive gene effect was more important than non-additive gene effect in controlling all studied traits except grain yield which showed dominance of non-additive gene effect under tow dates. Many of significant positive GCA effects were obtained for all traits, therefore, it could be concluded, that the inbred lines CML.330, IL.26-09 and CML.334 seemed to be the best general combiners for grain yield. The hybrid (CML.368 × IL.215-09) had showed the best specific combining ability effects for grain yield under the first date, while the hybrid (CML.330 × IL.26-09) showed the best SCA effects under the second date. The second adding date of nitrogen fertilizer (50% 18 days after sowing and 50% one month after sowing) had surpassed of the first date (50% with sowing and 50% one month after) with significant effects for grain yield trait.

References used
ABD EL ATY, M.S. and KATTA, Y.S. Estimation of heterosis and combining ability for yield and other agronomic traits in maize hybrids (Zea mays L.). J. Agric. Sci., Mansoura Univ., Vol. 27,No. 8, 2002, 5137-5146
ABOU- DEIF, M.H. Estimation of gene effects on some agronomic characters in five hybrids and six population of maize (Zea mays L.). World. J. Agric. Sci., Vol 3, No 1., 2007, 86-90
ALAM, A.K. M. M.; AHMED, S.; BEGUM, M. and SULTAN, M.K. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and its contributing characters in maize. Bangladesh. J. Agril. Res., Vol. 33, No. 3, 2008, 375-379
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The research was conducted at the Maize Researches Department, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus, Syria during the summer growing seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012. Treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications. The research aimed to evaluate genetic parameters for some traits like days to 50% silking, plant and ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight and grain yield per plant using generations means analysis of two maize hybrids (IL.292-06 × IL.565-06, IL.459-06 × IL.362-06) to detect epistasis and estimates of mean effect [m], additive [d], dominance [h], additive × additive [i], additive × dominance [j] and dominance × dominance [l] parameters. Results showed that the additive - dominance model was adequate to demonstrate the genetic variation and its importance in the inheritance of most studied traits. Nonallelic gene interaction was operating in the control of genetic variation in most studied traits. The signs of [h] and [l] were opposite in most studied traits for the two crosses. Also, the inheritance of all studied traits was controlled by additive and non-additive genetic effects, but dominance gene effects play the major role in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits, suggesting that the improvement of those characters need intensive selection through later generations. The phenotypic variations were greater than genotypic variations for all studied traits in the two crosses, indicating greater influence of environment in the expression of these traits. Highly significant heterosis relative to mid and better parents, respectively was found for all characters, and this accompanied with inbreeding depression for all traits. Narrow sense heritability and genetic advance were low in most of the traits due to the dominance of non-additive gene action in controlling the genetic variation of the most studied traits and this predict low to medium values of genetic advance through selection process.
The experiment was carried out at two planting dates in a Randomized Complete Blocks Design with three replications at Maize Research Department, General Commission for Scientific Agriculture Researches (G.C.S.A.R.) Damascus, Syria, during two cro pping season 2011 and 2012 to study the phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation, heritability, genetic advance, phenotypic correlation and path coefficient analysis for grain yield per plant, its components and the height of plant and ear of two maize hybrids (IL.292-06 × IL.565-06, IL.459-06 × IL.362-06).
Six population seeds of three yellow maize hybrids were formed at Agricultural Research Center, Homs, during 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. Their plants were evaluated in 2010. The present work aims to determine the genetic parameters in six populati ons (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, and BC2). Mean square results showed significant differences among mean values for all traits in all crosses. Significant heterosis values were positive and relative comparing to mid and better parent for most traits. The potence ratios exceeded (+1) in all traits and crosses except ear height, indicating thus over-dominance. In breeding, depression values were significant in most traits for Cross-1, while their values were non- significant in all traits for Cross-2 except plant height, and also in Cross-3 except plant height and grain yield per plant. In most traits epestasis or dominance gene action occupied the first rank in the genetic effects in order of importance to cross, with the exception of number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row and grain yield per plant where additive gene action occupied the first rank for Cross-2 and Cross-1 respectively. Therefore, it could be suggested that selection for most studied traits in the subsequent generations will be relatively more effective than in the early generations.
Half diallel set of crosses between six inbred lines of maize were executed at Maize Research Department, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria, during 2010 and 2011 seasons to study heterosis, general and specific combining ability components for grain yield (ton/ha), ear height, length and diameter (cm), and silking date (day) compared with control varieties Basel-1 and the hybrid Spirou S-4- 985 to identify the best hybrid in terms of yield. Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replicates.
نفذت الدراسة في حقول قسم بحوث الذرة التابع للهيئة العامة للبحوث العلمية الزراعية في دمشق , سورية خلال الموسمين الزراعيين 2011 و2012 , حيث تم خلال الموسم الزراعي 2011 تكوين حبوب العشائر الست لأربعة هجن فردية من الذرة الصفراء وتم خلال موسم 2012 تقييم ا لعشائر الست للهجن الأربعة في موعديين زراعيين 12-5 كموعد مبكر و12-6 كموعد متأخر .
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