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Register a new userCompare between two interpolation methods (Kriging, IDW) for predicting spatial distribution of nitrate NO3 - in groundwater of Estern Ghouta- Damascus
مقارنة بين طريقتي (Kriging، IDW) للتنبؤ بالتوزع المكاني للنترات في المياه الجوفية في منطقة الغوطة الشرقية – دمشق
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Tishreen University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
2013
fields
Geology
and research's language is
العربية
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Shamra Editor
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تعد المياه الجوفية مصدراً رئيساً للمياه المتاحة للاستعمال في المناطق الجافة و شبه الجافة، لذلك لابد من حماية نوعيتها، حيث تملك بيانات التوزع المكاني و الزماني أهمية كبيرة. و تعد الطرائق الجيو إحصائية واحدة من أكثر التقنيات المتقدمة من أجل التنبؤ بنوعية المياه. استُخدمت طريقتا Kriging و IDW من أجل التنبؤ المكاني للنترات NO3- في المياه الجوفية. و أخذت البيانات من 21 بئراً موزعة في غوطة دمشق الشرقية. و بعد جدولة البيانات، تم رسم مخطط التغير. و استخدمت القيمة الأقل لـ RSS، و بناءً عليه وجد أن النموذج الكروي هو النموذج الأفضل. و تم تحديد الطريقة الأفضل للتنبؤ بناءً على cross-validation و قيمة RMSE. تظهر النتائج بأن طريقة Kriging هي الأفضل و الأدق مقارنةً مع طريقة IDW. و توجد تبعية مكانية كبيرة لمتغير النترات، تبلغ 2.2 %. ثم تمّ إعداد خرائط توزع النترات بطريقة Kriging، و تحديد مدى صلاحية المياه الجوفية للشرب و الري، إضافةً إلى خريطة الاحتمالية للنترات عند العتبة الحدية 50 ملغ/ل.
Groundwater is one of the major sources of exploitation in arid and semi-arid regions, Thus for protecting groundwater quality, data on spatial and temporal distribution are important. Geostatistics methods are one of the most advanced techniques for interpolation of groundwater quality. In this research, IDW, Kriging methods were used for predicting spatial distribution of nitrate NO3 -. Data were taken from 21 wells study within eastern Damascus's Ghouta. After normalization of data, variograme was drawn. The less RSS was used, so Spherical model was the best. By using cross-validation and RMSE, the best method for interpolation was selected; Results showed that Kriging method is superior to IDW method. there is a big spatial dependence for nitrate variable that amounts to 2.2 %. Finally, maps of distribution of nitrate in groundwater were executed by Kriging method, in addition to executed maps that show goodness of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. Then it was prepared map of Probability Map of nitrate at threshold 50 mg/l.
References used
AL-MASHAGLOAH. A; AL-ADANAT.R; SALAMEH.E. 2012- The use of kriging techniques with in GIS environment to investigate groundwater quality in the Amman-Zargra basin- Jordan. Research journal of environmental and earth sciences. Vol. 4, No.2 pp. 177-185
BERKTAY. A; NAS. B. 2005- Groundwater contamination by nitrates in the city of Konya, Turkey. A GIS perspective. Journal of environmental management. No. 79 pp. 30-37
LENGIPROVODKHOZ, 1986 - Water resources use in Barada and Auvage basin for irrigation of crops
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Treated wastewater which comes from Adra Treatment Station is used for
irrigating a part of the agricultural lands at Damascus Eastern Ghota after
transferring it by a set of canals constructed for this purpose, Figure No. (1),
its area estimated
about 18000 hectares in addition to the adjacent areas for
comparison object, the irrigated land by this project is forming the main study
object of this research.
This area is considered as the most affected area by the agricultural and
industrial activities, increasing of population development due to its natural
resources on one side and its location near the capital of Damascus on the other
hand. The mean value of wastewater volume coming to the station has been
estimated at 485000 m3 per day [1]. Therefore, this project is considered as one
of the important projects which ensure an additional water resources for that
area where water demand increased specifically against decreasing water
resources of formerly years of aridity which considered as one of its reasons.
From this point, this research is aimed at clearing out quality changes
happened in the groundwater in the Eastern Ghota area which affected with
irrigation by treated water, that was due to observing the quality changes of
groundwater through a grid of wells and processing these analysis results by
making maps, diagrams, and graphs; then comparing them with adjacent areas
data, and to read out of these changes and reach knowledge of irrigation effect
range by this water on the groundwater quality.
Biological Denitrification process in anoxic fluidized bed reactor is a simple
way to eliminate nitrate – nitrogen that pollute the groundwater.
In this method the biofilm (including organic bacteria) was cultured on the
reactor bed particles, whi
ch we chose granular activated carbon (1-3) mm.
The raw water containing Nitrate ions and bacteria nutrients was pumped
into the bottom of the reactor in an adequate velocity to fluidize the bed
particles holding the biofilm.
Ethanol and DeHydrogenated Sodium ortho phosphate was chosen as
bacteria nutrients, Ethanol as carbonic nutrient and DeHydrogenated
Sodium ortho phosphate as phosphoric nutrient.
The idea of spatial interpolation stands of great importance depending on the accuracy of
estimated (Hydrogeological) parameters of this area, which reduces excessive efforts to
reach the best Hydrogeological model of the region with as little as p
ossible, thus reducing
the overall cost of the project.
The studied area is located within the Sin plain (the southern part of the JABLEH plain).
A free layer of water, ranging between 1m and 30m in thickness.
The study relied on groundwater level data, soil thickness and type in 339 wells.
The importance of this research Lies in mapping the best spatial distribution of
characteristics using spatial statistical methods
The aim of the research is to estimate the Coefficient of Permeability of the aquifer layer
and its effective thickness using the two methods of spatial statistics methods (Kriging and
IDW) for Hydrogeological parameters in the southern part of the Jableh plain.
An available free groundwater were classified
hydrochemical, and determined its fitting for general uses in a part
of Damascus's Ghouta, which suffers water deficiency, where the
study carried out on groundwater samples taken from 20 wells
distri
buted on all study area, the results show that groundwater
classified hydrochemical as calcic water and non potable, and
unsuitable for domestic consumption in broad part from study area,
but arable and recommend to use in irrigation plants that have weak
resistant to salinity, and not preferable to use in industry generally,
but it's good for building and concrete works.
When estimating groundwater recharge in karstified and fractured aquifers
it’s important to take into consideration, that they differ from porous aquifers
by inhomogeneities of their hydraulic properties because of the great variance
of infiltrati
on properties in their rocks. In this research the process of
groundwater recharge in Sher-mansour and Haramon areas in Antilebanon,
where karstified and fractured aquifers are developed, was discussed. The
portion of rainfall reaching the groundwater was calculated by applying water
balance and groundwater level changes methods. In the first method the area
was divided into surface zones and water balance components were calculated
in each zone and the portion was estimated at 55.8% of rainfall in dry years
like 2005-2006. In the second method the area was divided into subsurface
zones and groundwater level fluctuations, storage coefficient and groundwater
storage were calculated. The groundwater recharge varied between 17.5% in
Haramon area and 80% in Sher Mansour area. The results showed that
portions of rainfall reaching groundwater are not equal in the deferent
subsurface zones and are deferent from those calculated by water balance
method.
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