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Compare between two interpolation methods (Kriging, IDW) for predicting spatial distribution of nitrate NO3 - in groundwater of Estern Ghouta- Damascus

مقارنة بين طريقتي (Kriging، IDW) للتنبؤ بالتوزع المكاني للنترات في المياه الجوفية في منطقة الغوطة الشرقية – دمشق

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 Publication date 2013
  fields Geology
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Groundwater is one of the major sources of exploitation in arid and semi-arid regions, Thus for protecting groundwater quality, data on spatial and temporal distribution are important. Geostatistics methods are one of the most advanced techniques for interpolation of groundwater quality. In this research, IDW, Kriging methods were used for predicting spatial distribution of nitrate NO3 -. Data were taken from 21 wells study within eastern Damascus's Ghouta. After normalization of data, variograme was drawn. The less RSS was used, so Spherical model was the best. By using cross-validation and RMSE, the best method for interpolation was selected; Results showed that Kriging method is superior to IDW method. there is a big spatial dependence for nitrate variable that amounts to 2.2 %. Finally, maps of distribution of nitrate in groundwater were executed by Kriging method, in addition to executed maps that show goodness of groundwater for drinking and irrigation. Then it was prepared map of Probability Map of nitrate at threshold 50 mg/l.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تعد المياه الجوفية مصدرًا رئيسيًا للمياه في المناطق الجافة وشبه الجافة، ولذلك من الضروري حماية نوعيتها. في هذا البحث، تم استخدام طريقتين جيوإحصائيتين، هما Kriging وIDW، للتنبؤ بالتوزع المكاني للنترات (NO3) في المياه الجوفية في منطقة الغوطة الشرقية بدمشق. تم جمع البيانات من 21 بئرًا موزعة في المنطقة، وبعد تحليل البيانات وتطبيعها، تم رسم الفاريوغرام التجريبي واختيار النموذج الكروي كأفضل نموذج بناءً على قيمة RSS الأقل. أظهرت النتائج أن طريقة Kriging هي الأكثر دقة مقارنة بطريقة IDW، حيث بلغت التبعية المكانية لمتغير النترات 2.2%. تم إعداد خرائط توزع النترات باستخدام طريقة Kriging، وتحديد مدى صلاحية المياه الجوفية للشرب والري بناءً على المواصفة القياسية السورية. كما تم إعداد خريطة احتمالية للنترات عند العتبة الحدية 50 ملغ/ل. خلصت الدراسة إلى أن المياه الجوفية في جزء كبير من منطقة الدراسة غير صالحة للشرب أو الري بسبب ارتفاع تركيز النترات، وأوصت باتخاذ إجراءات لحماية المياه الجوفية من التلوث بالنترات.
Critical review
دراسة نقدية: يعد هذا البحث مهمًا نظرًا لأهمية المياه الجوفية في المناطق الجافة وشبه الجافة، وقد تم استخدام تقنيات جيوإحصائية متقدمة لتحليل البيانات. ومع ذلك، يمكن توجيه بعض النقد البناء للبحث. أولاً، قد يكون من المفيد تضمين المزيد من البيانات من فترات زمنية مختلفة لتحليل التغيرات الزمنية في تركيز النترات. ثانيًا، يمكن تحسين دقة النتائج من خلال استخدام عدد أكبر من الآبار لجمع البيانات. ثالثًا، لم يتم التطرق بشكل كافٍ إلى تأثير العوامل البشرية مثل الزراعة والصناعة على تركيز النترات في المياه الجوفية. وأخيرًا، يمكن أن تكون هناك حاجة لمزيد من الدراسات الميدانية للتحقق من النتائج وتطبيقها على مناطق أخرى.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي الطريقتان الجيوإحصائيتان المستخدمتان في البحث؟

    الطريقتان المستخدمتان هما Kriging وIDW.

  2. ما هو النموذج الأفضل لتوليد السطح الرياضي في البحث؟

    النموذج الكروي هو النموذج الأفضل لتوليد السطح الرياضي.

  3. ما هي نسبة التبعية المكانية لمتغير النترات في البحث؟

    نسبة التبعية المكانية لمتغير النترات تبلغ 2.2%.

  4. ما هي التوصيات التي قدمها البحث لحماية المياه الجوفية؟

    التوصيات تشمل إجراء مراقبات دائمة لنوعية المياه، تحسين نوعية المياه العادمة المعالجة، ورفع كفاءة مياه الري.


References used
AL-MASHAGLOAH. A; AL-ADANAT.R; SALAMEH.E. 2012- The use of kriging techniques with in GIS environment to investigate groundwater quality in the Amman-Zargra basin- Jordan. Research journal of environmental and earth sciences. Vol. 4, No.2 pp. 177-185
BERKTAY. A; NAS. B. 2005- Groundwater contamination by nitrates in the city of Konya, Turkey. A GIS perspective. Journal of environmental management. No. 79 pp. 30-37
LENGIPROVODKHOZ, 1986 - Water resources use in Barada and Auvage basin for irrigation of crops
rate research

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Biological Denitrification process in anoxic fluidized bed reactor is a simple way to eliminate nitrate – nitrogen that pollute the groundwater. In this method the biofilm (including organic bacteria) was cultured on the reactor bed particles, whi ch we chose granular activated carbon (1-3) mm. The raw water containing Nitrate ions and bacteria nutrients was pumped into the bottom of the reactor in an adequate velocity to fluidize the bed particles holding the biofilm. Ethanol and DeHydrogenated Sodium ortho phosphate was chosen as bacteria nutrients, Ethanol as carbonic nutrient and DeHydrogenated Sodium ortho phosphate as phosphoric nutrient.
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