Using GIS& Fuzzy AHP for Selecting the Suitable Sites for Wastewater Treatment Plants in the City of Tartous

Determining the best location is a complex process that faces decision makers. In the City of Tartous, Syria, this problem springs while selecting the best location for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) because of the large number of criteria and constrains and the uncertainty in expert's judgments. To solve this problem, we designed a frame work containing multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) technique that is fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to handle the uncertainty situations and geographical information system (GIS) to determine the best location. In this paper, the FAHP idea was developed to calculate weights of the criterias, the GIS was used to overlay and generate criteria and suitability maps. The study ends with a map of the best sites for constructing wastewater treatment plants by extended aeration method in Tartous region in Syria.

Synergy of Carboxylic Acids with Builders used in Powdered Detergents

Mixtures of polycarboxylic acids and their salts with sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium pyrophosphate have been investigated in the presence of ammonium oxalate and sodium carbonate. Some of these mixtures demonstrated good chelating power synergy and some mixures inhibited the chelating power of the individual components from which the mixures composed of. The chelating power synergy of some mixtures can be used for enhancing the function of the builders and consequently decrease the weight of the detergent meanwhile the inhibition of the chelating power in the other mixtures can be used for precipitating their components in the treated water in optimum conditions. It is worth to mention that the chelating powers of sodium tripolyphsphate and citric acid increased as many as 3-88 times by changing some experimental conditions.

Ion Exchanger from Syrian Petroleum Coke of High Sulphur Content and its Use for Industrial Water Softening And Cadmium Ions Removal from Polluted Waters

A new ion exchanger has been prepared from syrian petroleum coke (S. P. C) of high sulphur content. Preparation of this ion exchanger was carried out by simple treatment of S. P. C with oleum at room temperature followed with statical ion exchange in aqueous sodium chloride solutions. The First, SPC ion exchanger with granular structure resulted from reacting 20 gr of the SPC granules with 20 ml of oleum. Where as a friable ion exchanger was produced when 40 ml of oleum were used in the process. The adsorption capacity of the two SPC ion exchangers was found out to be 100 mgeq and 170 mgeq respectively.