The main objective of this research is to develop an
arithmetic model for transformations between geographic and
State Plane Coordinate within the three types of Conformal
Syrian Conical projection (tangent, secant and Semiconformal),
In order to
enable all Specialists and surveyors to
carry out direct and reverse transformations of horizontal
coordinates of the points without returning to any competent
authorities to avoid any administrative and computational
complexities.
Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/cellulose acetate(CA) composite membranes were
preparedfor metal ions removal from water.
The top layer was modified by polyethylene glycol and glycerin,then irradiated with
32[J/cm2] photo dose to improve adequate selecti
vity for metal ions separation.
The flux of water increased with increasingoperating pressure, and the maximum
value of flux was 200[L/m2.h] at 4[bar] for the membrane(PVA68/PEG17/G15), but this
membrane tear after applying pressure above 4[bar], while composite and CA membranes
served for long time at pressures higher than (4[bar]).
The rejection of ions decreased as the feed water pressure increased. The maximum
percent retention of ions was found to be 97% for Pb+2, 96% for Cu+2, and 95% for Co+2at
pressure of 2[bar] in composite membrane.
The reverse Stylistically event received considerable attention from the ancient and
modern linguists because of generated from the energies of linguistic expression and
creativity of thought beyond the mainstream and fashionable, and forms a metap
hor based
on the bypass typical literary expression, so it came this research to show the impact of the
metaphor in the formation of the phenomenon of reverse dependent on the views of some
linguists, and the search result that metaphor reverse based on breach uncommon in Sunan
standard speech, which raises the recipient impressive including achieve characteristic
aesthetic rhetorical, but it does not come out at all a departure from the grammar, but
preferred creative pattern expressive on the other, as if the use of metaphor does not make
it relevant germ of truth, but remain connected by an invisible bond of flour; because of
which branch, and the branch does not understand only through the origin, but does not
know it.
The rising in the world’s population leads automatically to the rising in water demand. As a consequence
the lack of drinking water increases Currently, approximately 1.2 billion people globally (one-sixth of the
world’s population) do not have acc
ess to adequate clean water. Since a large part of the world’s
population is concentrated in coastal areas, the desalination of seawater seems to be a promising solution,
especially in our Arab world. An innovative stand-alone solar desalination system could be used to
produce drinking water from seawater or any brackish water sources. The great advantage of such a
system is that it combines efficient desalination technology, reverse osmosis, with a renewable energy
source. The main goal is to improve the technical feasibility of such systems, There are many advantages
of this coupling with RE resources ; first of all we separate the drinking water from the electricity grid
and its faults, save burning the fossil fuel and its emissions, and provide fresh water to remote
communities that do not have sufficient traditional energy sources. But as we see in this study we don’t
have economic benefit; because these projects depend on the electricity cost in each country and the
location and its solar specifications.
We designed and implemented a small laboratorial model for PV-RO (Photo-Voltaic Powered Reverse
Osmosis) to recognize the performance for seawater and brackish water, we faced some problems such as
embargo on Syria; so have done project using affordable local potentialities, but we craved to keep the
principle of operation, so we make it for the tap water which close to brackish.
