Evaluation of Low-Level Laser Therapy Effect on Accelerating Orthodontic Archwires Change During Alignment and Leveling Stage

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on orthodontic treatment time reduction throughout leveling and alignment stage. We can conclude depending on this study results that LLLT is an effective method for orthodontic archwire change acceleration and consequently for reducing the orthodontic treatment time.

Evaluation Of The Accuracy Of Mean See Level Calculation Based On Direct And Indirect Method In The Ground Traverses

The research aims to study the possibility of using nondirect leveling to the paths of the earth to find the heights of ground traverses observatories within the works of the first phase of the topographic survey rather than direct leveling.

A contrbution in monitoring the horizontal and vertical displacements of railway devoted for heavy cranes

This paper presents the monitoring horizontal and vertical displacements of railway which heavy cranes run on using special geodetic techniques for the purpose provaiding rialway stability and safe working cranes on it. To quaranty that heavy cranes work safly, a rialway should be just horizontal– a small error of milimeters leveling is allowed according to working conditions for cranes. A rialway shoud also maintain its spaces to facilitate the crane motion on it. Monitoring railway vertical displacements involve measuring the relative vertical displacements of target points that are distributed along the railway in two cases: static and dynamic. vertical displacements determined by precise leveling which are performed using digital high accuracy level. The precise leveling measurments of target points have been connected to stable benchmark that are located in surrounding terrain of railway for purpose of further studies. In this paper the alignment method was used to monitoring the railway horizontal displacements using digital rulers and total station provided by a prism fixed forcely on the railway. This is done by measuring the small bias angles of the targat points which are distributed along the railway. This research has illustrated the efficiency of alignment method in order to calculate the horizontal displacements of railway axis.

Study of the possibility of getting elevation deviations by GPS and a specimen of the global earth gravity / EGM2008/

The use of GPS readings has led to a real revolution in Geodesic sciences and their applications. Now, the possibility of replacing the conventional methods used in measuring elevations by using GPS technology which is a good method to get the 3D points providing that the GPS measures the helical elevations. In order to measure the Physically important elevations such as the ortho-metric elevation, there must be an accurate specimen that gives the Geoids of the helix ( Geoids separation ) .In some parts of the world ( as in the case of our study ), there are only universal Ganoids .Those ganoids are calculated as series to reach a certain defined degree. The difference in the elevation ref. surfaces and the surface of the global geoids affects the optimized elevation of the GPS, but if we deal in this paper with the deviations in elevations, there will be no problem . The importance of this paper starts here , as we can get the possibility of taking the deviations in elevations by using The GPS tech that does not exceed /500m/ distance along with improving the results by using EGM2008 model. The results of the deviations in elevation taken by GPS, the Universal Geoids specimen /EGM 2008 / the direct engineering and triangular settlements, will be compared so that we reach some recommendations that increase accuracy in work and save time and efforts.

The Effect of Land Leveling by Laser, Tillage Systems, and Irrigation Management on Cotton Yield (C. V Aleppo-90), Amounts of Irrigation Water, and Net Grossing

The research was carried out during the growing seasons of 2011 and 2012 to study the effect of land leveling by laser, three tillage depths(01, 25 and 35cm) and three irrigation systems with 7, 8, and 9 day intervals, along with the interactive effect between them on the yield of cotton (C.V Aleppo-90), irrigation management and net grossing. The study showed the following results: 1- Land leveling by laser significantly increased the seed cotton yield, saved irrigation water, and made net grossing higher as compared to no-leveling by laser through the two seasons. 2- The two depths of tillage (25 and 35cm) significantly increased the seed cotton yield, increased the irrigation water amount, and made net grossing higher as compared to the depth of tillage (10cm).. 3- Increasing the irrigation water amount significantly increased the seed cotton yield which reached 1441KG/H, and achieved higher grossing which reached 31360 S.P/H as compared to the lower irrigation water amount. 4- The interactive effect between the factors of this experiment gave a significant positive difference. The best results were at (deep tillage 35cm × intervals 7 days × leveling by laser) through two seasons.