Class imbalance is a common challenge in many NLP tasks, and has clear connections to bias, in that bias in training data often leads to higher accuracy for majority groups at the expense of minority groups. However there has traditionally been a dis
connect between research on class-imbalanced learning and mitigating bias, and only recently have the two been looked at through a common lens. In this work we evaluate long-tail learning methods for tweet sentiment and occupation classification, and extend a margin-loss based approach with methods to enforce fairness. We empirically show through controlled experiments that the proposed approaches help mitigate both class imbalance and demographic biases.
The research aims to evaluate the micro shear bond strength of the calcium silicate cement
(Biodentine) and the glass ionomer cement (GIC) to dentine. The study was performed using
upper or lower premolars, and samples were divided into six equal s
ubgroups according to
the time period (3 h, 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks), in order to study changes in
the values of shear bond strength with time. The comparative study showed that the success
rate of adhesion in the Biodentine group was smaller than that in the GIC group for the tested
premolars after 3 hours and one day, whereas the success rate in the Biodentine group was
greater than that in the GIC group for the tested premolars after 8 weeks.
Results showed a positive correlation between the mean values of shear bond strengths and
the studied time in Biodentine group, which ranged from 1.49 ± 0.18 MPa at 3 hours to a
maximum value of 2.65 ± 0.26 MPa after 8 weeks. While there was a negative correlation
between the mean values and the studied time in the GIC group and values ranged from 3.02
± 0.13 MPa at 3 hours and 2.06 ± 0.09 MPa at 8 weeks.
The study showed the advantage of Biodentine compared with GIC in terms of
micro-bonding to dentine, which can have a clinically significant importance in preventing
the micro leakage and reducing bacterial contamination.
The indirect significance of the red colour of
the Indolesian poetry was given a lot of
spaces in the romantic poetic coloured
dictionary that belongs to the Indolesians.
The indirect significances of this colour vary
in the love of the Indolesi
an poet. Such
colours include expressional and symbolic
significances like the coloured vocabulary
blood, roses, embers, anemones, and
flowers agates .These indirect significance
has become a symbol of beauty, emotions,
torment and pain.
The penal system has a lot of interest in the side of the legislator
because of its impact in promoting a sense of collective
achievement of justice through accountability person for offenses
committed by the rhythm and therefore the appropriate p
unishment.
Even the penal system is closer to justice should be pursuing a
legislator individualize punishment policy that will climb
penalizing alone top by emphasizing, and landing the penalty to a
minimum through mitigation, depending on the circumstances of
the actor, and the status of a moment of committing the crime, as
well as depending on the policy of the legislator Criminal.
this study aimed to study the effect of
commissions on Indirect Credit Facilities provided by banks as a
Documentary Letter of Credit and Letter of Guarantee in the
profitability of commercial banks, BBSF was taken in this study
because it was, t
he first bank started working in Syrian banking
market and that for the period 2005 - 2011.
This research studied the use of taxes in Syria as an important tool in influencing one of the variables important economic (consumption) between the years (2000-2010). These taxes and fees are used (for example) to support an increase in the consump
tion of some goods that are considered commodities and necessary, or to try to reduce the amount of consumption of luxury goods.
The Syrian legislator made during the period studied adjustments numerous tax (especially fee consumer spending) to influence the amount of the domestic consumption, for the consuming public or consuming particular. There was a major adjustment in tax rates of some of the direct taxes and the expansion of the base of goods and services that are subject to certain types of indirect taxes, and to draw them where consumer spending has spread to some of the essential commodities.
The different types of tax revenues are considered the most important types of public
revenues, particularly in developing countries. Given this, the proportion of tax revenues
make up the biggest amount of public revenues, and this is observed in
the budgets of the
Syrian Arab Republic. The evolution of the size of public revenues, especially tax revenues
compared with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), shows the state's ability to finance its
growing public expenditure. It also shows the ability of the state in developing countries to
redirect part of cash surpluses to finance investments that help to establish the
infrastructure, and this applies to Syria. Therefore, it is necessary for us to study the
evolution of tax revenues in Syria because of its importance and its role in the economic
development process. This study is based on the cut accounts of the state budget, not on the
expected budgets in order to obtain accurate results from the process of the evolution of
taxation of different types, compared with the GDP in Syria, which is also reflected on
Syria's tax energy and its evolution and impact on tax evasion. This study proves that
economic reforms reflected on the financial policies and their tools in Syria during the study period
show a development in taxes as a result of a decrease in tax evasion and an increase in tax energy.
