When is Wall a Pared and when a Muro?: Extracting Rules Governing Lexical Selection

Learning fine-grained distinctions between vocabulary items is a key challenge in learning a new language. For example, the noun wall'' has different lexical manifestations in Spanish -- pared'' refers to an indoor wall while muro'' refers to an outside wall. However, this variety of lexical distinction may not be obvious to non-native learners unless the distinction is explained in such a way. In this work, we present a method for automatically identifying fine-grained lexical distinctions, and extracting rules explaining these distinctions in a human- and machine-readable format. We confirm the quality of these extracted rules in a language learning setup for two languages, Spanish and Greek, where we use the rules to teach non-native speakers when to translate a given ambiguous word into its different possible translations.

Controlling of irrigation depending on specific soil moisture using operational amplifier

The purpose of this research is to design and realization of an electronic apparatus which is able to control the process of irrigation that depending on soil moisture .This apparatus organize the process of irrigation, when the level of soil moisture under a specific value that it was chosen depending on water field capacity of crop ,it operates the pump which connected with it, and when the moisture level reaches that value the pump stops working. The apparatus consists of two parts: The first part: An electronic circuit using a number of operational amplifiers ,some electronic elements ,and voltmeter to measure voltage between load resistance which is in serial with resistance between two probes that set in soil. The second part: An electrical part ,which provides a secure connection between the previous electronic circuit and water pump. This study was carried out on a simple of black soil .The relation between electrical resistance of soil and volume of water used in irrigation was drawing for three values of distance between probes and power supply. We found an intense declination curves for small values of used water volume.

Impact of Reactive Compensators on Performance of Distance Protective Relays

This paper tries to clarify the impact of parallel and serial compensation of power transmission lines on the performance of distance relays which protect these lines. To this end, power system analysis software (NEPLAN) will be used for explaining distance relay behavior in the presence of different parallel or serial reactive power compensators, with main types of faults that may occur in different locations on the protected line. In this paper, Syrian power transmission network is simulated using (NEPLAN) software, and three reactive power compensators: parallel (STATCOM), serial (TCSC), and unified (UPFC), are used to compensate reactive power on transmission line. Several simulations, in many cases are carried out to illustrate the impact of fault type and location on the measured impedance seen by the distance relay. The objective of identifying the impact of reactive compensators on fault impedance seen by distance relay (i.e. fault location), is to determine the possible ways to resolve the problem and improve the performance of transmission line protection.