The public loan is one source of the state’s public revenues, and it does not happen
regularly.
The state usually resorts to this source in two cases:
The first case: When taxes reach the maximum degree, in other words, the taxation
power is exha
usted. In this situation, the state is not allowed to impose more taxes
otherwise this will lead to dangerous economic effects.
The second case: When taxes do not reach the maximum degree, but imposing them
can lead to violent reaction by taxpayers.
Therefore, the public loan constitutes an effective method in the hands of the state to
collect the savings that the taxes cannot obtain. Also, it is an important tool for the
distribution of the financial burden between the loaners/ and taxpayers./
The public loan has raised a controversy about its nature, the burden it causes, and its
appropriateness, and its impact/role in forming the national capital, etc…
Thus, these issues will be discussed in accordance with an appropriate search plan.
The current crisis has been deteriorating in Syria since the spring of 2011 with an
armed conflict which is causing catastrophic effects on development performance
through the wide-spread destruction of infra-structure as well as the capabilities a
nd
potential economic losses which will impact upon the prospects for both current and
future generations. It was those economic and social policies which were already
ineffective for the government during the past decade - before the current crisis
played a key role in this situation. In addition, there were the objective conditions of
other economic sanctions placed upon Syria by the United States, and later by the
European Union, including other pressures to force Syria to abandon its own vision
of economic development and the ways to solve the Arab - Israeli conflict.
The aim of this study is to shed light on those economic and social policies and their
results and then to estimate the economic losses which have been caused by acts of
sabotage by armed gangs by using a methodology based on the comparison of
economic and social indicators during the crisis in 2011 and 2012. This methodology
will take into account those economic and social policy indicators which would be
determined without the current crisis and by also assuming the continuation of the
pre-crisis effects. It will be the economic and social implications of the beneficiaries
of the accounts and estimates which will be carried out by a group of Syrian
researchers in the Syrian Centre for Policy Research. ...
This research handles the economic effects of taxes and fees presented as a statistical
and analytical study during the period 1990-2009 in Syria. It was based on the annual
statistical data issued by the Central Bureau of Statistics. Using the sta
tistic programme
(SPSS) we have made econometric models to estimate the parameters of models of the
impact of the tax on all public investment, private investment, gross capital formation,
consumption, and these models can be used in the prediction of these variables, We have
reached many important results, among which, the clear centrifugal relationship between
taxes and total fixed capital formation in both public and private sectors. In fact, the tax
itself had not been an effective tool in increasing the rate of growth of both public and
private investment. It also shows us that the Syrian tax system depends on indirect taxes
(consumption tax) that reduce the consumption of individuals contributing to the decline in
the volume of employment and national income, In addition to the significant decline in
distributing the national income fairly due to high indirect taxes which consequently
affected the low-income category, Show us through the curve of Lawrence.
