Transferring of electronic transport records is characterized by activating its
functional equivalent provided by UNCITRAL model law on electronic commerce, but
some issues may appear related to the burden of proof primarly and finding supplementar
y
rules to govern legal institutions developed by the various rules which organize the
electronic transferring steps which was adopted by the Syrian Maritime trade law , which
expanded the explanatory authority of the trial courts and courts of law hearing the cases to
develop the optimum theories of proof by adapting classical institutions of proof provided
by law of evidence to face electronic proof needs and its functional equivalents used with
modern electronic commerce experience . Also the judicial discretion was expanded to
distinguish the elements of legal institutions developed in the electronic transferring from
those in the non-negotiable electronic documents in order to find the legal rules which
govern commitmentsarising from this way of transfer which left for the court the authority
in many situations to evaluatethiscommitmentslimits and effects, so studying this authority
limits and legal background was necessary .
The research aims to study the possibility of using practical methods to monitor the
geodetic vertical deformations, and to study the engineering of the origin of the
strengthened carbon fiber. Because of proposed changes in the construction status
of some
of its elements, the study will be accompanied by simulation of the proposed changes by
adding additional live and dead loads, that are equivalent to the new situation. This study
will be made by measuring the vertical displacements for some points of those elements
within optimal control network based on geodetic network confidence requirements. This
study will also assess the potential use of electronic digital high accuracy levels and the
supplied software.
The research succeeds in showing the possibility of quantifying the potential
deformations in reinforced elements, as well as the efficiency of the proposed method of
control and the equipment used.
The aim of this paper is to discuss the operation of an all silicon-based solution for the conventional Marx
generator circuit, which has been developed for high-frequency (kHz), high-voltage (kV) applications
needing rectangular pulses. The conven
tional Marx generator, for high-voltage pulsed applications, uses
passive power components (inductors or resistors), to supply the energy storage capacitors. This solution
has the disadvantages of cost, size, power losses and limited frequency operation. In the proposed circuit,
the bulky passive power elements are replaced by power semiconductor switches, increasing the
performance of the classical circuit, strongly reducing costs, losses and increasing the pulse repetition
frequency. Also, the proposed topology enables the use of typical half-bridge semiconductor structures,
and ensures that the maximum voltage blocked by the semiconductors equals the power supply voltage
(i.e. the voltage of each capacitor), even with mismatches in the synchronized switching, and in fault
conditions. A laboratory prototype with two stages of the proposed silicon-based Marx generator circuit
was constructed using IGBTs and diodes, operating with about 1000 V dc input voltage and 10 kHz
frequency, with different rise times.
