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We show that the emergence of the axial anomaly is a universal phenomenon for a generic three dimensional metal in the presence of parallel electric ($E$) and magnetic ($B$) fields. In contrast to the expectations of the classical theory of magnetotransport, this intrinsically quantum mechanical phenomenon gives rise to the longitudinal magnetoresistance for any three dimensional metal. However, the emergence of the axial anomaly does not guarantee the existence of negative longitudinal magnetoresistance. We show this through an explicit calculation of the longitudinal magnetoconductivity in the quantum limit using the Boltzmann equation, for both short-range neutral and long-range ionic impurity scattering processes. We demonstrate that the ionic scattering contributes a large positive magnetoconductivity $propto B^2$ in the quantum limit, which can cause a strong negative magnetoresistance for any three dimensional or quasi-two dimensional metal. In contrast, the finite range neutral impurities and zero range point impurities can lead to both positive and negative longitudinal magnetoresistance depending on the underlying band structure. In the presence of both neutral and ionic impurities, the longitudinal magnetoresistance of a generic metal in the quantum limit initially becomes negative, and ultimately becomes positive after passing through a minimum. We discuss in detail the qualitative agreement between our theory and recent observations of negative longitudinal magnetoresistance in Weyl semimetals TaAs and TaP, Dirac semimetals Na$_3$Bi, Bi$_{1-x}$Sb$_x$, and ZrTe$_5$, and quasi-two dimensional metals PdCoO$_2$, $alpha$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$I$_3$ which do not possess any bulk three dimensional Dirac or Weyl quasiparticles.
The quantum phase transition between the three dimensional Dirac semimetal and the diffusive metal can be induced by increasing disorder. Taking the system of disordered $mathbb{Z}_2$ topological insulator as an important example, we compute the sing
Though the Fermi surface of surface states of a 3D topological insulator (TI) has zero magnetization, an arbitrary segment of the full Fermi surface has a unique magnetic moment consistent with the type of spin-momentum locking in hand. We propose a
Reports of metallic behavior in two-dimensional (2D) systems such as high mobility metal-oxide field effect transistors, insulating oxide interfaces, graphene, and MoS2 have challenged the well-known prediction of Abrahams, et al. that all 2D systems
We explore the scaling description for a two-dimensional metal-insulator transition (MIT) of electrons in silicon. Near the MIT, $beta_{T}/p = (-1/p)d(ln g)/d(ln T)$ is universal (with $p$, a sample dependent exponent, determined separately; $g$--con
Dirac-Weyl semimetals are unique three-dimensional (3D) phases of matter with gapless electrons and novel electrodynamic properties believed to be robust against weak perturbations. Here, we unveil the crucial influence of the disorder statistics and