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A characterization of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy of type C (CKP) in terms of the KP tau-function is given. Namely, we prove that the CKP hierarchy can be identified with the restriction of odd times flows of the KP hierarchy on the locus of turning points of the second flow. The notion of CKP tau-function is clarified and connected with the KP tau function. Algebraic-geometrical solutions and in particular elliptic solutions are discussed in detail. The new identity for theta-functions of curves with holomorphic involution having fixed points is obtained.
This is a short review of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchies of types B and C. The main objects are the $L$-operator, the wave operator, the auxiliary linear problems for the wave function, the bilinear identity for the wave function and the tau-
We introduce a new integrable hierarchy of nonlinear differential-difference equations which we call constrained Toda hierarchy (C-Toda). It can be regarded as a certain subhierarchy of the 2D Toda lattice obtained by imposing the constraint $bar {ca
A generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, describing water waves in oceans of varying depth, density and vorticity is discussed. A priori, it involves 9 arbitrary functions of one, or two variables. The conditions are determined under which the
The KPII equation is an integrable nonlinear PDE in 2+1 dimensions (two spatial and one temporal), which arises in several physical circumstances, including fluid mechanics where it describes waves in shallow water. It provides a multidimensional gen
A new method for the solution of initial-boundary value problems for textit{linear} and textit{integrable nonlinear} evolution PDEs in one spatial dimension was introduced by one of the authors in 1997 cite{F1997}. This approach was subsequently exte