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PAL-XFEL (Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser) started RF conditioning in October 2015 and has been operating reliably for ~ 4 years. The machines LLRF and SSA systems contributed to the stable operation of PAL-XFEL with over 99% availability. The LLRF and SSA systems showed some problems in rare cases. The delay caused by the problem is very small, but PAL-XFEL can stop working. Some issues have been identified and resolved. We want to share the experience.
At the Ibaraki Neutron Medical Research Center, an accelerator-based neutron source for iBNCT (Ibaraki - Boron Neutron Capture Therapy) is being developed using an 8-MeV proton linac and a beryllium-based neutron production target. The proton linac c
The superconducting cavities operated at high Q level need to be precisely tuned to the RF frequency. Well tuned cavities assure the good field stability and require a minimum level of RF power to reach the operating gradient level. The TESLA cavitie
First beam commissioning of SuperKEKB (Phase-1), which is an asymmetry double ring collider of 7-GeV electron and 4-GeV positron beams, which had started from February, has been successfully accomplished at the end of June 2016, and the desired beam
CEA is committed to the design, construction and commissioning of a Medium Energy Beam Transfer line and a superconducting linac (SCL) for SARAF accelerator in order to accelerate 5mA beam of either protons from 1.3 MeV to 35 MeV or deuterons from 2.
Maxwell theory is usually treated in the lab frame under the standard time order (light-signal clock synchronization). Particle tracking in the lab frame usually treats time as an independent variable. Then, the evolution of electron beams is treated