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International nuclear safeguards inspectors do not have a method to verify the contents of sealed storage casks containing spent reactor fuel. The heavy shielding that is used to limit radiation emission attenuates and scatters photons and neutrons emitted by the fuel, and thereby hinders inspection with these probes. This problem is especially pressing given the policy decisions of several nations to begin permanent disposal of spent fuel in deep geological repositories. Radiography with cosmic-ray muons provides a potential solution, as muons are able to penetrate the cask and fuel and provide information on the cask contents. Here we show in simulation that muon scattering radiography can be used to inspect the contents of sealed geological storage casks, and can discern between a variety of plausible diversion scenarios. This technique can be applied immediately prior to permanent interment in a geological repository, giving inspectors a final opportunity to verify State declarations of spent fuel disposal.
Radiography with cosmic ray muon scattering has proven to be a successful method of imaging nuclear material through heavy shielding. Of particular interest is monitoring dry storage casks for diversion of plutonium contained in spent reactor fuel. U
Muon radiography is a fast growing field in applied scientific research. In recent years, many detector technologies and imaging techniques using the Coulomb scattering and absorption properties of cosmic-ray muons have been developed for the non-des
Most of the plutonium in the world resides inside spent nuclear reactor fuel rods. This high-level radioactive waste is commonly held in long-term storage within large, heavily shielded casks. Currently, international nuclear safeguards inspectors ha
Muon radiography is a promising technique to image the internal density structures upto a few hundred meters scale, such as tunnels, pyramids and volcanos, by measuring the flux attenuation of cosmic ray muons after trvaling through these targets. In
Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) antineutrino flux is an important source of uncertainties for a reactor neutrino flux prediction. However, if one want to determine the contribution of spent fuel, many data are needed, such as the amount of spent fuel in the