ﻻ يوجد ملخص باللغة العربية
A lamination of a graph embedded on a surface is a collection of pairwise disjoint non-contractible simple closed curves drawn on the graph. In the case when the surface is a sphere with three punctures (a.k.a. a pair of pants), we first identify the lamination space of a graph embedded on that surface as a lattice polytope, then we characterize the polytopes that arise as the lamination space of some graph on a pair of pants. This characterizes the image of a purely topological version of the spectral map for the vector bundle Laplacian for a flat connection on a pair of pants. The proof uses a graph exploration technique akin to the peeling of planar maps.
We resolve the fate of the two original apparent horizons during the head-on merger of two non-spinning black holes, showing that these horizons exist for a finite amount of time before they individually turn around and move backward in time. This co
Using tropical geometry, Mikhalkin has proved that every smooth complex hypersurface in $mathbb{CP}^{n+1}$ decomposes into pairs of pants: a pair of pants is a real compact $2n$-manifold with cornered boundary obtained by removing an open regular nei
It is well-known that the Pachner graph of $n$-vertex triangulated $2$-spheres is connected, i.e., each pair of $n$-vertex triangulated $2$-spheres can be turned into each other by a sequence of edge flips for each $ngeq 4$. In this article, we study
The principal ratio of a connected graph $G$, $gamma(G)$, is the ratio between the largest and smallest coordinates of the principal eigenvector of the adjacency matrix of $G$. Over all connected graphs on $n$ vertices, $gamma(G)$ ranges from $1$ to
For a graph whose vertex set is a finite set of points in $mathbb R^d$, consider the closed (open) balls with diameters induced by its edges. The graph is called a (an open) Tverberg graph if these closed (open) balls intersect. Using the idea of hal