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We present an accurate measurement and a quantitative analysis of electron-beam induced displacements of carbon atoms in single-layer graphene. We directly measure the atomic displacement (knock-on) cross section by counting the lost atoms as a function of the electron beam energy and applied dose. Further, we separate knock-on damage (originating from the collision of the beam electrons with the nucleus of the target atom) from other radiation damage mechanisms (e.g. ionization damage or chemical etching) by the comparison of ordinary (12C) and heavy (13C) graphene. Our analysis shows that a static lattice approximation is not sufficient to describe knock-on damage in this material, while a very good agreement between calculated and experimental cross sections is obtained if lattice vibrations are taken into account.
Notwithstanding numerous density functional studies on the chemically induced transformation of multilayer graphene into a diamond-like film, a comprehensive convincing experimental proof of such a conversion is still lacking. We show that the fluori
High-kinetic energy impacts between inorganic surfaces and molecular beams seeded by organics represent a fundamental case study in materials science, most notably when they activate chemical-physical processes leading to nanocrystals growth. Here we
We carried out micro-Raman spectroscopy of graphene layers over the temperature range from approximately 80 K to 370 K. The number of layers was independently confirmed by the quantum Hall measurements and atomic force microscopy. The measured values
Proton transfer across single layer graphene is associated with large computed energy barriers and is therefore thought to be unfavorable at room temperature unless nanoscale holes or dopants are introduced, or a potential bias is applied. Here, we s
Recent theory has demonstrated that the value of the electron-phonon coupling strength $lambda$ can be extracted directly from the thermal attenuation (Debye-Waller factor) of Helium atom scattering reflectivity. This theory is here extended to multi