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With the establishment of vanishing net electrostatic fields in a toroidally symmetric tokamak at equilibrium [R. W. Johnson, to appear in Phys. Rev. D], one is left needing an explanation for the measurement of an apparent radial electric field in experiments. Two scenarios are proposed, depending on the type of measurement being considered. Indirect measurement via the radial equation of motion for an impurity species possibly measures that species net radial viscous force, and direct measurement via the motional Stark effect might reveal electric fields generated by the shifting of the toroidal magnetic flux density.
Uncertainties and errors in magnetic equilibrium reconstructions are a wide-spread problem in interpreting experimental data measured in the tokamak edge. This study demonstrates errors in EFIT++ reconstructions performed on the COMPASS tokamak by co
A natural fueling mechanism that helps to maintain the main core deuterium and tritium (DT) density profiles in a tokamak fusion reactor is discussed. In H-mode plasmas dominated by ion- temperature gradient (ITG) driven turbulence, cold DT ions near
A novel proton imaging technique was applied which allows a continuous temporal record of electric fields within a time window of several nanoseconds. This proton streak deflectometry was used to investigate transient electric fields of intense (~ 10
Electric field measurement in plasmas permits quantitative comparison between the experiment and the simulation in this study. An electro-optic (EO) sensor based on Pockels effect is demonstrated to measure wave electric fields in the laboratory magn
Multi MeV protons cite{snavely2000intense} and heavier ions are emitted by thin foils irradiated by high-intensity lasers, due to the huge accelerating fields, up to several teraelectronvolt per meter, at sub-picosecond timescale cite{dubois2014targe