A graph is split if there is a partition of its vertex set into a clique and an independent set. The present paper is devoted to the splitness of some graphs related to finite simple groups, namely, prime graphs and solvable graphs, and their compact
forms. It is proved that the compact form of the prime graph of any finite simple group is split.
The degree pattern of a finite group is the degree sequence of its prime graph in ascending order of vertices. We say that the problem of OD-characterization is solved for a finite group if we determine the number of pairwise nonisomorphic finite gro
ups with the same order and degree pattern as the group under consideration. In this article the problem of OD-characterization is solved for some simple unitary groups. It was shown, in particular, that the simple unitary groups $U_3(q)$ and $U_4(q)$ are OD-characterizable, where $q$ is a prime power $<10^2$.
Let $G$ be a nonabelian group and $n$ a natural number. We say that $G$ has a strict $n$-split decomposition if it can be partitioned as the disjoint union of an abelian subgroup $A$ and $n$ nonempty subsets $B_1, B_2, ldots, B_n$, such that $|B_i| >
1$ for each $i$ and within each set $B_i$, no two distinct elements commute. We show that every finite nonabelian group has a strict $n$-split decomposition for some $n$. We classify all finite groups $G$, up to isomorphism, which have a strict $n$-split decomposition for $n = 1, 2, 3$. Finally, we show that for a nonabelian group $G$ having a strict $n$-split decomposition, the index $|G:A|$ is bounded by some function of $n$.
The power graph $mathcal{P}(G)$ of a finite group $G$ is the graph whose vertex set is $G$, and two elements in $G$ are adjacent if one of them is a power of the other. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we find the complexity of a clique--
replaced graph and study some applications. Second, we derive some explicit formulas concerning the complexity $kappa(mathcal{P}(G))$ for various groups $G$ such as the cyclic group of order $n$, the simple groups $L_2(q)$, the extra--special $p$--groups of order $p^3$, the Frobenius groups, etc.
Let $G$ be a nonabelian group, $Asubseteq G$ an abelian subgroup and $ngeqslant 2$ an integer. We say that $G$ has an $n$-abelian partition with respect to $A$, if there exists a partition of $G$ into $A$ and $n$ disjoint commuting subsets $A_1, A_2,
ldots, A_n$ of $G$, such that $|A_i|>1$ for each $i=1, 2, ldots, n$. We first classify all nonabelian groups, up to isomorphism, which have an $n$-abelian partition for $n=2, 3$. Then, we provide some formulas concerning the number of spanning trees of commuting graphs associated with certain finite groups. Finally, we point out some ways to finding the number of spanning trees of the commuting graphs of some specific groups.
It is proved that finite nonabelian simple groups $S$ with $max pi(S)=37$ are uniquely determined by their order and degree pattern in the class of all finite groups.
In this paper we have investigated some properties of the power graph and commuting graph associated with a finite group, using their tree-numbers. Among other things, it has been shown that the simple group $L_2(7)$ can be characterized through the
tree-number of its power graph. Moreover, the classification of groups with power-free decomposition is presented. Finally, we have obtained an explicit formula concerning the tree-number of commuting graphs associated with the Suzuki simple groups.
Given a group $G$, we define the power graph $mathcal{P}(G)$ as follows: the vertices are the elements of $G$ and two vertices $x$ and $y$ are joined by an edge if $langle xranglesubseteq langle yrangle$ or $langle yranglesubseteq langle xrangle$. Ob
viously the power graph of any group is always connected, because the identity element of the group is adjacent to all other vertices. In the present paper, among other results, we will find the number of spanning trees of the power graph associated with specific finite groups. We also determine, up to isomorphism, the structure of a finite group $G$ whose power graph has exactly $n$ spanning trees, for $n<5^3$. Finally, we show that the alternating group $mathbb{A}_5$ is uniquely determined by tree-number of its power graph among all finite simple groups.
There are scattered results in the literature showing that the leading principal minors of certain infinite integer matrices form the Fibonacci and Lucas sequences. In this article, among other results, we have obtained new families of infinite matri
ces such that the leading principal minors of them form a famous integer (sub)sequence, such as Fibonacci, Lucas, Pell and Jacobsthal (sub)sequences.
Let $G$ be a finite group and let $pi(G)={p_1, p_2, ldots, p_k}$ be the set of prime divisors of $|G|$ for which $p_1<p_2<cdots<p_k$. The Gruenberg-Kegel graph of $G$, denoted ${rm GK}(G)$, is defined as follows: its vertex set is $pi(G)$ and two dif
ferent vertices $p_i$ and $p_j$ are adjacent by an edge if and only if $G$ contains an element of order $p_ip_j$. The degree of a vertex $p_i$ in ${rm GK}(G)$ is denoted by $d_G(p_i)$ and the $k$-tuple $D(G)=left(d_G(p_1), d_G(p_2), ldots, d_G(p_k)right)$ is said to be the degree pattern of $G$. Moreover, if $omega subseteq pi(G)$ is the vertex set of a connected component of ${rm GK}(G)$, then the largest $omega$-number which divides $|G|$, is said to be an order component of ${rm GK}(G)$. We will say that the problem of OD-characterization is solved for a finite group if we find the number of pairwise non-isomorphic finite groups with the same order and degree pattern as the group under study. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, we completely solve the problem of OD-characterization for every finite non-abelian simple group with orders having prime divisors at most 29. In particular, we show that there are exactly two non-isomorphic finite groups with the same order and degree pattern as $U_4(2)$. Second, we prove that there are exactly two non-isomorphic finite groups with the same order components as $U_5(2)$.
