The baryon-baryon interactions with strangeness S = -2 with the flavor SU(3) breaking are calculated for the first time by using the HAL QCD method extended to coupled channel system in lattice QCD. The potential matrices are extracted from the Nambu
-Bethe-Salpeter wave functions obtained by the 2+1 flavor gauge configurations of CP-PACS/JLQCD Collaborations with a physical volume of 1.93 fm cubed and with m_pi/m_K = 0.96, 0.90, 0.86. The spatial structure and the quark mass dependence of the potential matrix in the baryon basis and in the SU(3) basis are investigated.
We investigate the interaction between $Omega$ baryons in the $^1S_0$ channel from 2+1 flavor lattice QCD simulations. On the basis of the HAL QCD method, the $OmegaOmega$ potential is extracted from the Nambu-Bethe-Salpeter wave function calculated
on the lattice by using the PACS-CS gauge configurations with the lattice spacing $asimeq 0.09$ fm, the lattice volume $Lsimeq 2.9$ fm and the quark masses corresponding to $m_pi simeq 700$ MeV and $m_Omega simeq 1970$ MeV. The $OmegaOmega$ potential has a repulsive core at short distance and an attractive well at intermediate distance. Accordingly, the phase shift obtained from the potential shows moderate attraction at low energies. Our data indicate that the $OmegaOmega$ system with the present quark masses may appear close to the unitary limit where the scattering length diverges.
On the basis of the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock method with the nucleon-nucleon forces obtained from lattice QCD simulations, the properties of the medium-heavy doubly-magic nuclei such as 16^O and 40^Ca are investigated. We found that those nuclei are bo
und for the pseudo-scalar meson mass M_PS ~ 470 MeV. The mass number dependence of the binding energies, single-particle spectra and density distributions are qualitatively consistent with those expected from empirical data at the physical point, although these hypothetical nuclei at heavy quark mass have smaller binding energies than the real nuclei.
We examine the axial U(1) symmetry near and above the finite temperature phase transition in two-flavor QCD using lattice QCD simulations. Although the axial U(1) symmetry is always violated by quantization, (i.e.) the chiral anomaly, the correlation
functions may manifest effective restoration of the symmetry in the high temperature phase. We explicitly study this possibility by calculating the meson correlators as well as the Dirac operator spectral density near the critical point. Our numerical simulations are performed on a $16^3times 8$ lattice with two flavors of dynamical quarks represented by the overlap fermion formalism. Chiral symmetry and its violation due to the axial anomaly is manifestly realized with this formulation, which is a prerequisite for the study of the effective restoration of the axial U(1) symmetry. In order to avoid discontinuity in the gauge configuration space, which occurs for the exactly chiral lattice fermions, the simulation is confined in a fixed topological sector. It induces finite volume effect, which is well described by a formula based on the Fourier transform from the $theta$-vacua. We confirm this formula at finite temperature by calculating the topological susceptibility in the quenched theory. Our two flavor simulations show degeneracy of the meson correlators and a gap in the Dirac operator spectral density, which implies that the axial U(1) symmetry is effectively restored in the chirally symmetric phase.
We derive asymptotic behaviors of the Nambu-Bethe-Salpeter (NBS) wave function at large space separations for systems with more than 2 particles in quantum field theories. To deal with $n$-particles in the center of mass flame coherently, we introduc
e the Jacob coordinates of $n$ particles and then combine their $3(n-1)$ coordinates into the one spherical coordinate in $D=3(n-1)$ dimensions. We parametrize on-shell $T$-matrix for $n$-particle system of scalar fields at low energy, using the unitarity constraint of the $S$-matrix. We then express asymptotic behaviors of the NBS wave function for $n$ particles at low energy, in terms of parameters of $T$-matrix, and show that the NBS wave function carry the information of $T$-matrix such as phase shifts and mixing angles of the $n$-particle system in its own asymptotic behavior, so that the NBS wave function can be considered as the scattering wave of $n$-particles in quantum mechanics. This property is one of the essential ingredients of the HAL QCD scheme to define potential from the NBS wave function in quantum field theories such as QCD. Our results, together with an extension to systems with spin 1/2 particles, justify the HAL QCDs definition of potentials for 3 or more nucleons(baryons) in terms the NBS wave functions.
We study the phase structure of QCD in the $T-mu$ plane using a histogram method and the reweighting technique by performing phase quenched simulations of two-flavor QCD with RG-improved gauge action and O($a$) improved Wilson quark action. Taking th
e effects of the complex phase of the quark determinant using the cumulant expansion method, we calculate the probability distribution function of plaquette and phase-quenched determinant as a function of $T$ and $mu$. We discuss the order of the QCD phase transition consulting the shape of the probability distribution function.
Three-nucleon forces (3NF) are investigated from two-flavor lattice QCD simulations. We utilize the Nambu-Bethe-Salpeter (NBS) wave function to determine two-nucleon forces (2NF) and 3NF in the same framework. As a first exploratory study, we extract
3NF in which three nucleons are aligned linearly with an equal spacing. This is the simplest geometrical configuration which reduces the huge computational cost of calculating the NBS wave function. Quantum numbers of the three-nucleon system are chosen to be (I, J^P)=(1/2,1/2^+) (the triton channel). Lattice QCD simulations are performed using N_f=2 dynamical clover fermion configurations at the lattice spacing of a = 0.156 fm on a 16^3 x 32 lattice with a large quark mass corresponding to m_pi= 1.13 GeV. We find repulsive 3NF at short distance in the triton channel. Several sources of systematic errors are also discussed.
We present full accounts of a method to extract nucleon-nucleon (NN) potentials from the Bethe-Salpter amplitude in lattice QCD. The method is applied to two nucleons on the lattice with quenched QCD simulations. By disentangling the mixing between t
he S-state and the D-state, we obtain central and tensor potentials in the leading order of the velocity expansion of the non-local NN potential. The spatial structure and the quark mass dependence of the potentials are analyzed in detail.
We calculate non-perturbative renormalization factors at hadronic scale for $Delta S=2$ four-quark operators in quenched domain-wall QCD using the Schr{o}dinger functional method. Combining them with the non-perturbative renormalization group running
by the Alpha collaboration, our result yields the fully non-perturbative renormalization factor, which converts the lattice bare $B_K$ to the renormalization group invariant (RGI) $hat{B}_K$. Applying this to the bare $B_K$ previously obtained by the CP-PACS collaboration at $a^{-1}simeq 2, 3, 4$ GeV, we obtain $hat{B}_K=0.782(5)(7)$ (equivalent to $B_K^{bar{rm MS}}({rm NDR}, 2 {rm GeV}) = 0.565(4)(5)$ by 2-loop running) in the continuum limit, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic due to the continuum extrapolation. Except the quenching error, the total error we have achieved is less than 2%, which is much smaller than the previous ones. Taking the same procedure, we obtain $m_{u,d}^{rm RGI}=5.613(66)$ MeV and $m_s^{rm RGI}=147.1(17)$ MeV (equivalent to $m_{u,d}^{bar{rm MS}}(2 {rm GeV})=4.026(48)$ MeV and $m_{s}^{bar{rm MS}}(2 {rm GeV})=105.6(12)$ MeV by 4-loop running) in the continuum limit.
