The Veneziano ghost field has been proposed as an alternative source of dark energy whose energy density is consistent with the cosmological observations. In this model, the energy density of QCD ghost field is expressed in terms of QCD degrees of fr
eedom at zero temperature. We extend this model to finite temperature to search the model predictions from late time to early universe. We depict the variations of QCD parameters entering the calculations, dark energy density, equation of state, Hubble and deceleration parameters on temperature from zero to a critical temperature. We compare our results with the observations and theoretical predictions existing at different eras. It is found that this model safely defines the universe from quark condensation up to now and its predictions are not in tension with those of the standard cosmology. The EoS parameter of dark energy is dynamical and evolves from $-1/3$ in the presence of radiation to $-1$ at late time. The finite temperature ghost dark energy predictions on the Hubble parameter well fit to those of $Lambda$CDM and observations at late time.
We consider the single field chaotic m^2phi^2 inflationary model with a period of preheating, where the inflaton decays to another scalar field chi in the parametric resonance regime. In a recent work, one of us has shown that the chi modes circulati
ng in the loops during preheating notably modify the <zetazeta> correlation function. We first rederive this result using a different gauge condition hence reconfirm that superhorizon zeta modes are affected by the loops in preheating. Further, we examine how chi loops give rise to non-gaussianity and affect the tensor perturbations. For that, all cubic and some higher order interactions involving two chi fields are determined and their contribution to the non-gaussianity parameter f_{NL} and the tensor power spectrum are calculated at one loop. Our estimates for these corrections show that while a large amount of non-gaussianity can be produced during reheating, the tensor power spectrum receive moderate corrections. We observe that the loop quantum effects increase with more chi fields circulating in the loops indicating that the perturbation theory might be broken down. These findings demonstrate that the loop corrections during reheating are significant and they must be taken into account for precision inflationary cosmology.
We propose a new model of gravity where the Ricci scalar (R) in Einstein-Hilbert action is replaced by an arbitrary function of R and of the norm of energy-momentum tensor i.e., $f(R,T_{mu u}T^{mu u})$. Field equations are derived in the metric forma
lism. We find that the equation of motion of massive test particles is non-geodesic and these test particles are acted upon by a force which is orthogonal to the four-velocity of the particles. We also find the Newtonian limit of the model to calculate the extra acceleration which can affect the perihelion of Mercury. There is a deviation from the general relativistic(GR) result unless the energy density of fluid is constant. Arranging $alpha$ parameter gives an opportunity to cure the inconsistency between the observational values for the abundance of light elements and the standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis results. Even the dust dominated universe undergoes an accelerated expansion without using a cosmological constant in Model II. With this specific choice of $f(R,T_{mu u}T^{mu u})$, we get the a Cardassian-like expansion.
Using newly available form factors obtained from light cone QCD sum rules in full theory, we study the flavor changing neutral current transition of $Sigma_b rar Sigma mu^+ mu^-$ decay in the family non-universal $Z^prime$ model. In particular, we ev
aluate the differential branching ratio, forward-backward asymmetry as well as some related asymmetry parameters and polarizations. We compare the obtained results with the predictions of the standard model and discuss the sensitivity of the observables under consideration to family non-universal $Z^prime$ gauge boson. The order of differential branching ratio shows that this decay mode can be checked at LHC in near future.
We obtain a lower limit on the compactification scale of extra dimension via comparison of the branching ratio in the baryonic $Lambda_brightarrow Lambda mu^+ mu^-$ decay channel recently measured by CDF collaboration and our previous theoretical stu
dy. We also use the newly available form factors calculated via light cone QCD sum rules in full theory to analyze the flavour changing neutral current process of the $Sigma_b rightarrow Sigma ell^+ ell^-$ in universal extra dimension scenario in the presence of a single extra compact dimension. We calculate various physical quantities like branching ratio, forward-backward asymmetry, baryon polarizations and double lepton polarization asymmetries defining the decay channel under consideration. We also compare the obtained predictions with those of the standard model.
Using the responsible form factors calculated via full QCD, we analyze the $Lambda_{b}rightarrow Lambda ell^{+}ell^{-}$ transition in the standard model containing fourth generation quarks (SM4). We discuss effects of the presence of $t$ fourth famil
y quark on related observables like branching ratio, forward-backward asymmetry, baryon polarization as well as double lepton polarization asymmetries. We also compare our results with those obtained in the SM as well as with predictions of the SM4 but using form factors calculated within heavy quark effective theory. The obtained results on branching ratio indicate that the $Lambda_{b}rightarrow Lambda ell^{+}ell^{-}$ transition is more probable in full QCD comparing to the heavy quark effective theory. It is also shown that the results on all considered observables in SM4 deviate considerably from the SM predictions when $m_{t}geq 400 GeV$.
This paper has been withdrawn by the authors. Please see [arXiv:1208.3224]. We investigate a model where dark energy is caused by the photon field coupling to gravitation. The cosmological background expectation value of the electromagnetic scalar po
tential generates the Planck mass as well as causing an exponential expansion which is identified with dark energy. The Higgs-like mechanism for the vector potential predicts the photon mass to be exactly zero.
We analyze the semileptonic $Bto K_2^*(1430)l^+l^-$ transition in universal extra dimension model. In particular, we present the sensitivity of related observables such as branching ratio, polarization distribution and forward-backward asymmetry to t
he compactification factor (1/R) of extra dimension. The obtained results from extra dimension model show overall a considerable deviation from the standard model predictions for small values of the compactification factor. This can be considered as an indication for existence of extra dimensions.
Using the related form factors from full QCD which recently are available, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the $Lambda_b rightarrow Lambda ell^+ ell^-$ transition in universal extra dimension model in the presence of a single universal extra d
imension called the Applequist-Cheng-Dobrescu model. In particular, we analyze some related observables like branching ratio, forward-backward asymmetry, double lepton polarization asymmetries and polarization of the $Lambda$ baryon in terms of compactification radius and corresponding form factors. We present the sensitivity of these observables to the compactification parameter, 1/R up to 1/R=1000 GeV. We also compare the results with those obtained using the form factors from heavy quark effective theory as well as the SM predictions.
