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Studying And Analyzing the modulators and demodulators of PCM

دراسة و تحليل معدلات و مفككات التعديل النبضي المرمز (PULSE CODE MODULATION) PCM

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 Publication date 2018
and research's language is العربية
 Created by Shamra Editor




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Modulating signals of transmission stations to reception stations is a key factor to guarantee the best possible transmission and reception of these signals .Digital modulation represents a huge evolution in communication field and modulation, which used to depend on analog signal modulation of one parameter-Amplitude . frequency or phase. Digital modulation depends on transforming the transmitted data signal (Bits) and then sending it as samples, and changed back into an analog signals in reception station . In digital systems, digital data are transformed into analog data in the transmitter and does the reverse in the receiver. In digital transmission, on the other hand, as in wired local area networks (WLAN), Digital data are transmitted in their digital state.


Artificial intelligence review:
Research summary
تتناول هذه الدراسة تحليل وتقييم معدلات ومفككات التعديل النبضي المرمز PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)، وهو نوع من أنواع التعديل الرقمي الذي يستخدم في إرسال الإشارات الصوتية عبر قنوات الاتصال. يركز البحث على تحويل الإشارات التماثلية إلى إشارات رقمية عبر ثلاث مراحل أساسية: التقطيع، التكميم، والترميز. يوضح البحث كيفية تصميم وتنفيذ دوائر التعديل وفك التعديل PCM، بالإضافة إلى دراسة تأثير الضجيج والتشويه على جودة الإشارات المرسلة والمستقبلة. كما يناقش البحث أهمية استخدام التعديل الرقمي في تحسين جودة الإشارة وتقليل التداخل والضجيج، ويقدم أمثلة عملية لتصميم دوائر التعديل وفك التعديل PCM باستخدام مكونات إلكترونية محددة. في النهاية، يخلص البحث إلى أن التعديل النبضي المرمز PCM يوفر جودة عالية للإشارات المرسلة والمستقبلة بتكلفة اقتصادية منخفضة.
Critical review
تعتبر هذه الدراسة مفيدة للغاية في مجال الاتصالات الرقمية، حيث تقدم تحليلاً شاملاً للتعديل النبضي المرمز PCM. ومع ذلك، يمكن أن تكون الدراسة أكثر شمولية إذا تضمنت مقارنة بين PCM وأنواع أخرى من التعديل الرقمي مثل Delta Modulation أو Differential PCM. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن تحسين الدراسة بإضافة تجارب عملية أكثر تفصيلاً واستخدام تقنيات حديثة مثل FPGA أو DSP لتطبيق دوائر التعديل وفك التعديل. كما أن الدراسة تفتقر إلى تحليل اقتصادي مفصل لتكاليف التنفيذ والصيانة، وهو جانب مهم يجب مراعاته عند تقييم فعالية أي تقنية اتصالات.
Questions related to the research
  1. ما هي المراحل الأساسية لتحويل الإشارة التماثلية إلى إشارة رقمية في نظام PCM؟

    المراحل الأساسية هي التقطيع (sampling)، التكميم (quantization)، والترميز (encoding).

  2. ما هي الفائدة الرئيسية لاستخدام التعديل النبضي المرمز PCM؟

    الفائدة الرئيسية هي تحسين جودة الإشارة المرسلة والمستقبلة وتقليل التداخل والضجيج، بالإضافة إلى التكلفة الاقتصادية المنخفضة.

  3. كيف يتم تقليل تأثير الضجيج في نظام PCM؟

    يتم تقليل تأثير الضجيج باستخدام مرشحات تردد منخفض (LPF) ومضخمات ومرددات لتحسين مستوى الإشارة وتقليل الضجيج.

  4. ما هو التردد المطلوب لتقطيع الإشارة في نظام PCM للحفاظ على جودة الصوت الأصلية؟

    التردد المطلوب لتقطيع الإشارة في نظام PCM هو 8 kHz، حيث يجب أن يكون تردد التقطيع أكبر أو يساوي ضعف أعلى تردد للإشارة الصوتية.


References used
Stallings, William, Digital Signaling Techniques, December 1984, Vol. 22, No. 12, IEEE Communications Magazine
www.technologyuk.net/telecommunications/telecom-principles/pulse-codemodulation. shtml
Cambron, G. Keith, "Global Networks: Engineering, Operations and Design", Page 345, John Wiley & Sons, Oct 17, 2012
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