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Register a new userEvaluation of Radioactivity and Potential Radiation Hazard of NORM waste due to Produced Water Draining in Crude Oil Tanks Area in Banyas
تقييم الفعالية الإشعاعية و الخطر الإشعاعي المحتمل لنفايات النورم بفعل تصريف المياه المرافقة في منطقة خزانات النفط الخام في بانياس
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ينطوي التخلص العشوائي من المياه المرافقة لصناعة النفط و الغاز في البيئة على مخاطر بيئية كتلوث التربة بالنورم (NORM) و زيادة التعرض الإشعاعي لإشعاع غاما الأرضي بالنسبة للعمال و العامة. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى قياس مستويات النشاط الإشعاعي في منطقة تصريف المياه المرافقة و المنطقة المجاورة، ضمن منطقة خزانات النفط الخام في موقع الشركة السورية لنقل النفط في بانياس. تم قياس معدل الجرعة الإشعاعية لإشعاع غاما الأرضي و تراوحت القيم المسجلة بين (0.02 – 0.24) µSv.h-1 . و حددت عن طريق مطيافية غاما باستخدام كاشف جرمانيوم عالي النقاوة (HPGe) تراكيز الفعالية الإشعاعية للنظائر المشعة الحادثة طبيعيا (NORM) و المتمثلة بنظائر الراديوم Ra226 و البوتاسيوم K40 و الثوريوم Th232 في عينات سطحية من التربة أخذت من ثلاثة مواقع، اثنان منهما سجلا أعلى معدل للجرعة الإشعاعية و الموقع الثالث سجل معدلا مثَل السوية الإشعاعية الأرضية في المنطقة. و كانت أعلى قيمة للفعالية الإشعاعية للنظائر Ra226,K40,Th232 في عينات التربة المختارة (210 , 213 , 55.9) Bq.kg-1 على التوالي.قدرت بعض مؤشرات الخطر الإشعاعية في منطقة الدراسة. تمت مقارنة النتائج التي أفضت إليها الدراسة مع النتائج المنشورة في بلدان مختلفة.
Uncontrolled disposal of produced water from oil and gas industry in the environment involves the environmental hazard like contamination soil by NORM and increase the radiation exposure to terrestrial gamma radiation by workers and public. the study aims to measure radiation levels in the drainage zone and vicinity in the field of crude oil storage tanks in the site of Syrian company for oil transport in Banyas. Terrestrial gamma radiation dose was measured, the values ranged between 0.02 – 0.24 μSv.h-1. The radioactivity concentrations of NORM were determined for Ra226, Th232, K40 by gamma spectroscopy using HPGe detector in surface soil samples taken from three sites, two of them recorded the highest rate of radiation dose, while the third recorded the rate of radiation background. The Ra226, K40, Th232highestconcentrations in the soil samples were found to be 210, 213 and 55.9 Bq.kg-1, respectively. Radiation indexes were estimated. The present results were compared with results published in different countries.
References used
AL-MASRI, M. S.; AMIN,Y.; HASSAN, M.; IBRAHIM, S.; KHALILI, H. S. External Gamma radiation Dose to the Syrian Population Based on the Measurement of Gamma Emitters in Soils. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. Vol.267, No.2, 2006, 337-343
AGBALAGBA, O. E.; AVWIRI, O. G.; CHAD- UMOREH, E. Y.ɣ- Spectroscopy Measurement of Ntural Radioactivity and Assessment of Radiation Hazard Indices in Soil Samples from Oilfields Environmental of Delta State, Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. Vol.109, 2012, 64-70
PARAMAKSIZ, A.; AGUS, A.; BULGURLU, F.; BULUR, E.; ÖNCÜ, T.; ÖZÖK, O. X. Measurement of Enhanced Radium Isotopes in Oil Production Wastes in Turkey. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity.Vol.141,2015, 82-89
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In this research study the effect of the type of corrosion protection, on the rates of Carbon Steel samples from the same metal tube oil buried in soil and comparing between corrosion rates of samples steel non protected and corrosion rates protected
samples in different protections ways, protection paint epoxy,
protection paint epoxy and polyethylene and Cathodic protection
by sacrifice anode (Zinc was chosen as anode sacrifice) and
Cathodic protection impressed current.
The samples protected and non-protected study's in the middle of
corrosion of two sites of Homs soil (soil city of Homs –soil of
Furqlus area) In each soil alone and the statement of the
effectiveness of the Cathodic protection in increase the protection
and then the comparison between the two Cathodic protection to
reduce the corrosion rate was also study the effect of humidity and time on the corrosion samples steel is protected and samples steel Cathodic protected rates by anode sacrifice and was finally
comparison between rates corrosion between the signatories
studied soils (soil city of Homs - soil of Furqlus area) and
whichever is more aggressive and study the factors that have
made the soil more Furqlus hostile soil of the city of Homs,
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The determination of optimal sorption time and sorption capacity of the materials in oil/water bath
and oil bath without water in presence of three oils of different viscosity were investigated. The capacity of oil removal from seawater was related to structure and surface properties as well as oil amount and oil properties especially, its viscosity.
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The research includes an analytical study of long term pumping test with observation
wells to get the optimum determination of the most important hydrogeological parameters
of confined aquifer in Banyas, by pumping from a well with average pumping
rate
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test is accompanied by measuring the variations of the groundwater levels in the
monitoring wells.
Analytical methods of steady- unsteady of groundwater flow are used to evaluate the
long term pumping test, and then to determine the optimum evaluation. The Transmissivity
of the confined aquifer is about 5000 m2/day (very high potential), and the storage
coefficient is 1,8.10-4. Then they used to predict the groundwater drawdown during one
day. So, we can get 20000 m3/day from the aquifer and the drawdown not more than 1,75
m as quasi-steady drawdown at distance 500 m from the pumping well.
Zeolite bearing deposits were characterized in Banyas region using sample A
(which is a powdered mixture taken from five tuff and tuffite levels) compared with
sample B (which is taken from Basatin Al-Assad site within the studied region).
XRD met
hod showed several zeolite phases in addition to non-zeolite minerals
and volcanic glass. FTIR method revealed a general feature of zeolite groups. DTA
method showed a range within zeolite structure stability. Specific surface area was
measured using BET method giving the value 87m2/g. The range of pore volume
distribution was also calculated with ~40Ǻ, and intermediate pore diameter of ~23Ǻ.
XRD study of the standard sample (B) showed slightly different zeolite phases
from A. FTIR measurement showed same results as in A. DTA plots revealed a high
stability of sample B, SBET of 61m2/g, VP around 40Ǻ and r- at ~25Ǻ.
In this research we improve the desalting process by determine the
perfect value of demulsifier and washing water flow rate , reducing
the salts concentration of separated water current going to first stage
desalting and increasing residence time
of oil into desalter according
to the characteristic of oil and the process condition.
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