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Register a new userIncreasing the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell by Grooving its surface using laser
زيادة فعالية الخلية الكهروضوئية عن طريق تحزيز سطحها بالليزر
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Authors
محمد أحمد العساف( باحث )
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يقوم البحث على تحزيز سطح الخلية الكهروضوئية السيليكونية من أجل تمديد شبكة التوصيل الكهربائية باستخدام الليزر لتحسين أدائها, و ذلك عن طريق زيادة عمق الأخدود و تضييق عرضه لزيادة مساحة السطح الفعال, و بالتالي تخفيض خسائر الحجب بالسماح لأكبر كمية من الضوء بالنفاذ إلى داخل الخلية مع الحفاظ على مساحة مقاطع خطوط الشبكة.
We grooved photovoltaic cell surface, to extend front grid electrical contact, using laser to improve its performance. By reduce line width leads to reduced shading loss. Mor light can penetrate into the cell instead of being reflected from the metallic gridlines.
References used
Mason, N.P (BP Solar)(2006) - J Fieret (Exitech Ltd) advanced laser for industrial solar cell processing manufacturing Uk . 50 p
Huber, H ( 2009) - Ultrafast lasers increase solar cell efficiency-Laser center University Munich
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Solar Energy and Hydrogen are possible replacement options for fossil fuel, But a major drawback to the full implementation of solar energy, in particular photovoltaic (PV), is the lowering of conversion efficiency of PV cells due to elevated cell t
emperatures while in operation. Also, hydrogen must be produced in gaseous or liquid form before it can be used as fuel; but its‟ present major conversion process produces an abundance of carbon dioxide which is harming the environment through global warming. In search of resolutions to these issues, this research investigated the application of Thermal Management to Photovoltaic (PV) modules in an attempt to reverse the effects of elevated cell temperature. The investigation also examined the effects of the thermally managed PV module to a Electrolyzer (Hydrogen Generator) for the production of hydrogen gas in an environmentally friendly way.
The results of the investigation showed that the cooling system stopped the cell temperature from rising, reversed the negative effects on conversion efficiency, and increased the power output of the module by as much as 33%. The results also showed that the thermally managed PV module when coupled to the hydrogen generator impacted positively with an appreciablely increase of up to 26% in hydrogen gas production.
The aim of this study is to compare between the upper canine
retraction after corticotomy with laser and the upper canine
retraction using the standard treatment, and the patients'
acceptance to laser application.
Analysis of the rate of canine r
etraction between the laser
application and control sides shows significant differences during
the first and second months and no significant differences during
the third month. We also find that the patients' percentage that
accept laser application was bigger than the patients' percentage
that accept the extraction of first premolars.
Recently, pre-trained language representation models such as BERT and RoBERTa have achieved significant results in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, however, it requires extremely high computational cost. Curriculum Learning (C
L) is one of the potential solutions to alleviate this problem. CL is a training strategy where training samples are given to models in a meaningful order instead of random sampling. In this work, we propose a new CL method which gradually increases the block-size of input text for training the self-attention mechanism of BERT and its variants using the maximum available batch-size. Experiments in low-resource settings show that our approach outperforms the baseline in terms of convergence speed and final performance on downstream tasks.
The problem of slope stability is considered as a main geotechnical problem due to the
significant damage (material or moral) related to failure. This paper aims to study the
influence of piles on the stability of slopes loaded with strip footing a
nd investigating the
parameters affected on stability (location of pile row relative to the slope crest X , piles
spacing S , piles length L and edge distance of the footing b ). This study has been realized
in two phases : the first phase consists in establishing a numerical model for sand slope by
using finite element analyses program (FLAC3D) and determining the footing settlement at
crest of slope before using piles and after reinforcing , after that the numerical results is
compared with the experimental ones (reference case ). A close agreement between
experimental and numerical curves is noticed .The second phase deals with studying the
influence of most important parameters such as ( piles length ,piles spacing, pile row
location relative to the slope crest on stability and edge distance of the footing) on the
slope stability. The results of parametric study have shown the piles installed near the slope
crest is more efficient in reinforcing where the safety factor is increased by reducing the
distance between row of piles and slope crest and the greatest value for safety factor when
X=0.7Lx . The currently study showed the efficiency of piles to increase the ultimate
bearing capacity with increasing edge, after that at b=3B the increase in ultimate bearing
capacity decreased. Also the slope stability depends significantly on pile length and it
increases even reaching the length equals the height of the slope. At other hand, the safety
factor is reduced by increasing the piles spacing, so that the efficiency of pile is
disappeared when pile spacing equals to six times pile diameter(UBCR<1.1).
Objective: To compare effect laser Er:Yag and polyacrylic acid on
microleakage of of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement.
Analysis of variance shows no statistical differences between
three groups .
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