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Register a new userThermal and Catalytic Cracking of Rubber Polystyrene
التكسير الحفزي و الحراري لنفايات البولي ستيرين
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Damascus University ورقة بحثية
Publication date
1997
fields
Chemistry
and research's language is
العربية
Authors
منال الحموي( باحث )
Created by
Shamra Editor
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يمكن الاستفادة من نفايات البولي ستيرين المختلفة: البولي ستيرين للاستعمالات العامة شفاف قصيف البولي ستيرين الرغوي « ستيربور » و البولي ستيرين المقاوم للصدم و المعدل بالمطاط، و تحويلها بالتكسير الحراري إلى مواد قابلة للاستعمال كإضافات بترولية إلى الغازولين، فهي مواد عطرية أولفينية ذات رقم أو كتان مرتفع > ١٠٠ و لاتحتوي هذه المواد الرصاص أو الكبريت مما يسمح باستعمالها كمواد مانعة للدق و رافعة للأوكتان، كما يمكن بنتيجة التكسير الحراري فصل مونومير الستيرين بالتقطير بنسبة نظرية نحو ( ٤٠-٤٣ %) الذي يمكن إعادة استعماله فيما بعد لأغراض البلمرة. و تم اختبار نواتج التكسير بالاختبارات التالية: نقطة الأنيلين المختلطة، نقطة الوميض، قرينة اليود، رقم الأوكتان.
This research depends on treating different waste polystyrenes like; general purpose polystyrene, foamed polystyrene (styropor), high impact, and rubber modified polystyrene (HIPS) by thermal cracking in order to have liquid products which might be used as additives to gasoline. These products are essentially aromatics and aromatic olefines of a high octane number > ١٠٠, free from sulfer and lead, and they are able to be used as octane boosters. It is possible to redistill these products in order to have styene monomer with a yield of ٤٠ - ٤٣٪, which can be used after that for polymerisation purposes.
References used
John Wiley, Enc. of Polymer Science and Technology1970
John Wiley, Enc. of Polymer Science and Technology1966
Kirk. O, Enc. of Chemical Technology1969
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Some kinetic parameters have been determined in this work for thermal and catalytic
cracking of the mixed of polyethylene and polypropylene using batch method. The
cracking reaction was carried out at different temperature 470,490 and 510oC under
atmospheric pressure. The mass of products (liquid and gas fractions) were determined and
used to plot the curves of the thermal and catalytic decomposition. We used two types of
catalysts: Syrian natural Zeolite and the same after loading with sulfate ions using
impregnation method. The thermal cracking has a long time and has firs-pseud order
reaction. While in the case of catalytic process we note that the reaction finished in the
short time and the process is the Zero-pseud order reaction. The rate of the cracking
increased very much, the rate constant was k1=0.0032.min-1 in the thermal cracking at
4700C and ko=0.111.min-1 in the case of catalytic cracking in presence of Z catalyst and
ko= 0.206 min-1 in presence of 15-SO4
2-/Z as catalytic at the same temperature. In the other
hand activation energy was 208.7 kj/mol in the thermal process and decreased to 116.6
kj/mol at Z catalytic presence and to 87.3 kj/mol at 15-SO4
2-/Z catalytic presence.
In this research study the effect of adding thermal cement as a filler on the properties
of natural rubber STR20, through the preparation of natural rubber mixtures containing
different ratios of thermal cement (0,5,10,15,20 pphr) on the rolling ru
bber machine, then
characterization physico-mechanical properties and chemical of mixtures that prepared
and then tested to measure the tensile strength, resistance friction and determine the
hardness and swelling values in different solvents.
The results showed increased tensile strength with increased thermal cement ratio
until
15( pphr) but after this percentage take tensile strength to decline gradually, where
the relationship becomes counterproductive between the additives and the resistance ratio,
as noted the low percentage of elongation at break gradually with increasing the proportion
of thermal cement, as for the hardness values it has increased in extrusive with increase
the proportion of thermal cement in mixtures, also observed a decrease in friction
resistance with increase the additives proportion even (15 pphr) to rise after that.
Results of the study also showed that the samples swelling in mineral oil was lower
compared to all of the gasoline and diesel, the swelling was in the mineral oil 1.29%, while
in gasoline was 14.15% and in diesel was 12.43%.
In the present work, the rheological and mechanical properties of
polypropylene /thermoplastic starch (PP/TPS) and acrylonitril-butadienestyrene/
thermoplastic starch (ABS/TPS) blends were investigated. Starch was
plasticized using glycerol, and b
lends were prepared using a laboratory scale
with single screw extruder. Rheological properties of the prepared blends were
determined using a capillary rheometer. Mechanical properties were studied in
term of tensile tests, stress at break, strain at break and Young's modulus were
determined.
It is found that the ferric ions, as a catalyst, have a weak effect on the
oxidation of luminol "triaminophtal hydrazid" by (DPCA) and through chemiluminescence
reaction. For increasing the catalytic activity of ferric ions we
used organic and non
organic compounds. The best compound was o –
phenathroline. It forms two different complexes with ferric (A) and ferrous (B)
ions (A, B). The formation of hydrolyzed mixture of the complexes (Ph-Fe3+)
depends on the pH. We found that (Ph-Fe3+) complex was very effective in
chime-luminescence process above mentioned.
Calculation of fire resistance for any structural member divided in two independent steps . The first step involves predicting the temperature distribution inside the structural members, referred to as ‘thermal analysis’. The second step of the analy
sis, termed the ‘structural analysis’, is carried out for the main purpose of determining the response of the structure due to static and thermal loading. The first stages of analysis are discussed in this paper, using finite element method by a structural analysis program " ANSYS "
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