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Register a new userDeducing Quark Rest Masses with Phenomenological Formulae
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Jiao Lin Xu
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Using phenomenological formulae, we can deduce the rest masses and intrinsic quantum numbers (I, S, C, B and Q) of quarks, baryons and mesons from only one unflavored elementary quark family. The deduced quantum numbers match experimental results exactly, and the deduced rest masses are 98.5% (or 97%) consistent with experimental results for baryons (or mesons). This paper predicts some quarks [d_{S}(773), d_{S}(1933) and u_{C}(6073)], baryons [$Lambda_{c}(6599)$, $Lambda_{b)(9959)$] and mesons [D(6231), B(9502)]. PACS: 12.39.-x; 14.65.-q; 14.20.-c. Keywords: phenomenological, beyond the standard model.
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Using a three step quantization and phenomenological formulae, we can deduce the rest masses and intrinsic quantum numbers (I, S, C, B and Q) of quarks from only one unflavored elementary quark family $epsilon$ with S = C = B = 0 in the vacuum. Then using sum laws, we can deduce the rest masses and intrinsic quantum numbers of baryons and meson from the deduced quarks. The deduced quantum numbers match experimental results exactly. The deduced rest masses are consistent with experimental results. This paper predicts some new quarks [d_{s}(773), d_{s}(1933), u_{c}(6073), d_{b}(9333)], baryons [$Lambda_{c}$(6699), $Lambda_{b}$(9959)] and mesons [D(6231), B(9502)]. PACS: 12.60.-i; 12.39.-x; 14.65.-q; 14.20.-c Key word: beyond the standard model
Using phenomenological formulae, we deduce the masses and quantum numbers of the quarks from two elementary quarks ($epsilon_{u}$ and $epsilon_{d}$) first. Then using the sum laws and a binding energy formula, in terms of the qqq baryon model and SU(4), we deduce the masses and quantum numbers of the important baryons from the deduced quarks. At the same time, using the sum laws and a binding energy formula, in terms of the quark-antiquark bound state meson model, we deduce the masses and quantum numbers of the mesons from the deduced quarks. The deduced masses of the baryons and mesons are 98% consistent with experimental results. The deduced quantum numbers of the baryons and mesons match with the experimental results exactly. In fact this paper improves upon the Quark Model, making it more powerful and more reasonable. It predicts some baryonsalso. PACS: 12.39.-x; 14.65.-q; 14.20.-c keywords: phenomenology, elementary, quark, mass, SU(4), baryon, meson
From only two elementary quarks ($epsilon_{u}(0) $ and $epsilon_{d}(0)) $ and the symmetries of the regular rhombic dodecahedron, using phenomenological formulae, we deduced the rest masses and the intrinsic quantum numbers (I, S, C, b and Q) of a quark spectrum. The five ground quarks of the four kinds of the deduced quarks are the five quarks of the current quark model. Then, from the quark spectrum, using sum laws and a phenomenological binding energy formula, we deduced a baryon spectrum. Finally, using the sum laws and a phenomenological binding energy formula, we deduce a meson spectrum from the quark spectrum. The intrinsic quantum numbers (I, S, C, b and Q) of the deduced baryons and the deduced mesons are the same as those of the experimental results. The rest masses of the deduced baryons and the deduced mesons are consistent with the experimental results (98%). Most of the deduced quarks in Table 11 have already been discovered by experiments. This paper infers that there are huge constant binding energies for baryons and mesons respectively. The huge binding energies provide a possible foundation for the confinement of the quarks. This paper predicts many new baryons $Lambda_{c}^{+}(6599) $, $Lambda {b}^{0}(9959) $ and $Lambda ^{0}(3369) $, ...) and new mesons (D(6231), B(9503) and $Upsilon (17868) $, ...)
The quark and charged lepton masses and the angles and phase of the CKM mixing matrix are nicely reproduced in a model which assumes SU(3)xSU(3) flavour symmetry broken by the v.e.v.s of fields in its bi-fundamental representation. The relations among the quark mass eigenvalues, m_u/m_c approx m_c/m_t approx m^2_d/m^2_s approx m^2_s/m^2_b approx Lambda^2_{GUT}/M^2_{Pl}, follow from the broken flavour symmetry. Large tan(beta) is required which also provides the best fits to data for the obtained textures. Lepton-quark grandunification with a field that breaks both SU(5) and the flavour group correctly extends the predictions to the charged lepton masses. The seesaw extension of the model to the neutrino sector predicts a Majorana mass matrix quadratically hierarchical as compared to the neutrino Dirac mass matrix, naturally yielding large mixings and low mass hierarchy for neutrinos.
From the Dirac sea concept, we infer that a body center cubic quark lattice exists in the vacuum. Adapting the electron Dirac equation, we get a special quark Dirac equation. Using its low-energy approximation, we deduced the rest masses of the quarks: m(u)=930 Mev, m(d)=930 Mev, m(s)=1110 Mev, m(c)=2270 Mev and m(b)=5530 Mev. We predict new excited quarks d$_S$(1390), u$_C$(6490) and d$_b$(9950).
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