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Register a new userDeducing Rest Masses of Quarks With a Three Step Quantization
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Jiao Lin Xu
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Using a three step quantization and phenomenological formulae, we can deduce the rest masses and intrinsic quantum numbers (I, S, C, B and Q) of quarks from only one unflavored elementary quark family $epsilon$ with S = C = B = 0 in the vacuum. Then using sum laws, we can deduce the rest masses and intrinsic quantum numbers of baryons and meson from the deduced quarks. The deduced quantum numbers match experimental results exactly. The deduced rest masses are consistent with experimental results. This paper predicts some new quarks [d_{s}(773), d_{s}(1933), u_{c}(6073), d_{b}(9333)], baryons [$Lambda_{c}$(6699), $Lambda_{b}$(9959)] and mesons [D(6231), B(9502)]. PACS: 12.60.-i; 12.39.-x; 14.65.-q; 14.20.-c Key word: beyond the standard model
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Using phenomenological formulae, we can deduce the rest masses and intrinsic quantum numbers (I, S, C, B and Q) of quarks, baryons and mesons from only one unflavored elementary quark family. The deduced quantum numbers match experimental results exactly, and the deduced rest masses are 98.5% (or 97%) consistent with experimental results for baryons (or mesons). This paper predicts some quarks [d_{S}(773), d_{S}(1933) and u_{C}(6073)], baryons [$Lambda_{c}(6599)$, $Lambda_{b)(9959)$] and mesons [D(6231), B(9502)]. PACS: 12.39.-x; 14.65.-q; 14.20.-c. Keywords: phenomenological, beyond the standard model.
Using an expanded form of Planck-Bohrs quantization method and phenomenological formulae,} {small we deduce the rest masses and intrinsic quantum numbers (I, S, C, b and Q) of all kinds of the lowest energy quarks and baryons, from only one elementary quark family}$epsilon $ {small with S = C = b = 0. The deduced quantum numbers match those found in experiments. The deduced rest masses are consistent with experimental results. This paper predicts some quarks $text{u}_{C}text{(6073),}$}d$_{S}${small (9613)} {small $text{and d}_{b}text{(9333)}$and baryons $Lambda_{c}^{+}$% (6696), $Lambda_{b}$(9959)and $Lambda $(10239).
From the Dirac sea concept, we infer that a body center cubic quark lattice exists in the vacuum. Adapting the electron Dirac equation, we get a special quark Dirac equation. Using its low-energy approximation, we deduced the rest masses of the quarks: m(u)=930 Mev, m(d)=930 Mev, m(s)=1110 Mev, m(c)=2270 Mev and m(b)=5530 Mev. We predict new excited quarks d$_S$(1390), u$_C$(6490) and d$_b$(9950).
Using phenomenological formulae, we deduce the masses and quantum numbers of the quarks from two elementary quarks ($epsilon_{u}$ and $epsilon_{d}$) first. Then using the sum laws and a binding energy formula, in terms of the qqq baryon model and SU(4), we deduce the masses and quantum numbers of the important baryons from the deduced quarks. At the same time, using the sum laws and a binding energy formula, in terms of the quark-antiquark bound state meson model, we deduce the masses and quantum numbers of the mesons from the deduced quarks. The deduced masses of the baryons and mesons are 98% consistent with experimental results. The deduced quantum numbers of the baryons and mesons match with the experimental results exactly. In fact this paper improves upon the Quark Model, making it more powerful and more reasonable. It predicts some baryonsalso. PACS: 12.39.-x; 14.65.-q; 14.20.-c keywords: phenomenology, elementary, quark, mass, SU(4), baryon, meson
We update results presented at Lattice 2005 on charmonium masses. New ensembles of gauge configurations with 2+1 flavors of improved staggered quarks have been analyzed. Statistics have been increased for other ensembles. New results are also available for P-wave mesons and for bottomonium on selected ensembles.
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