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Register a new userUsing Phenomenological Formulae,Deducing the Masses and Flavors of the Quarks, Baryons and Mesons from Two Elementary Quarks
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Jiao-Lin Xu
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Using phenomenological formulae, we deduce the masses and quantum numbers of the quarks from two elementary quarks ($epsilon_{u}$ and $epsilon_{d}$) first. Then using the sum laws and a binding energy formula, in terms of the qqq baryon model and SU(4), we deduce the masses and quantum numbers of the important baryons from the deduced quarks. At the same time, using the sum laws and a binding energy formula, in terms of the quark-antiquark bound state meson model, we deduce the masses and quantum numbers of the mesons from the deduced quarks. The deduced masses of the baryons and mesons are 98% consistent with experimental results. The deduced quantum numbers of the baryons and mesons match with the experimental results exactly. In fact this paper improves upon the Quark Model, making it more powerful and more reasonable. It predicts some baryonsalso. PACS: 12.39.-x; 14.65.-q; 14.20.-c keywords: phenomenology, elementary, quark, mass, SU(4), baryon, meson
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From only two elementary quarks ($epsilon_{u}(0) $ and $epsilon_{d}(0)) $ and the symmetries of the regular rhombic dodecahedron, using phenomenological formulae, we deduced the rest masses and the intrinsic quantum numbers (I, S, C, b and Q) of a quark spectrum. The five ground quarks of the four kinds of the deduced quarks are the five quarks of the current quark model. Then, from the quark spectrum, using sum laws and a phenomenological binding energy formula, we deduced a baryon spectrum. Finally, using the sum laws and a phenomenological binding energy formula, we deduce a meson spectrum from the quark spectrum. The intrinsic quantum numbers (I, S, C, b and Q) of the deduced baryons and the deduced mesons are the same as those of the experimental results. The rest masses of the deduced baryons and the deduced mesons are consistent with the experimental results (98%). Most of the deduced quarks in Table 11 have already been discovered by experiments. This paper infers that there are huge constant binding energies for baryons and mesons respectively. The huge binding energies provide a possible foundation for the confinement of the quarks. This paper predicts many new baryons $Lambda_{c}^{+}(6599) $, $Lambda {b}^{0}(9959) $ and $Lambda ^{0}(3369) $, ...) and new mesons (D(6231), B(9503) and $Upsilon (17868) $, ...)
Using phenomenological formulae, we can deduce the rest masses and intrinsic quantum numbers (I, S, C, B and Q) of quarks, baryons and mesons from only one unflavored elementary quark family. The deduced quantum numbers match experimental results exactly, and the deduced rest masses are 98.5% (or 97%) consistent with experimental results for baryons (or mesons). This paper predicts some quarks [d_{S}(773), d_{S}(1933) and u_{C}(6073)], baryons [$Lambda_{c}(6599)$, $Lambda_{b)(9959)$] and mesons [D(6231), B(9502)]. PACS: 12.39.-x; 14.65.-q; 14.20.-c. Keywords: phenomenological, beyond the standard model.
Using a three step quantization and phenomenological formulae, we can deduce the rest masses and intrinsic quantum numbers (I, S, C, B and Q) of quarks from only one unflavored elementary quark family $epsilon$ with S = C = B = 0 in the vacuum. Then using sum laws, we can deduce the rest masses and intrinsic quantum numbers of baryons and meson from the deduced quarks. The deduced quantum numbers match experimental results exactly. The deduced rest masses are consistent with experimental results. This paper predicts some new quarks [d_{s}(773), d_{s}(1933), u_{c}(6073), d_{b}(9333)], baryons [$Lambda_{c}$(6699), $Lambda_{b}$(9959)] and mesons [D(6231), B(9502)]. PACS: 12.60.-i; 12.39.-x; 14.65.-q; 14.20.-c Key word: beyond the standard model
We present updated results of the CP-PACS calculation of the light hadron spectrum in $N_{rm f}=2$ full QCD. Simulations are made with an RG-improved gauge action and a tadpole-improved clover quark action for sea quark masses corresponding to $m_{rm PS}/m_{rm V} approx 0.8$--0.6 and the lattice spacing $a=0.22$--0.09 fm. A comparison of the full QCD spectrum with new quenched results, obtained with the same improved action, shows clearly the existence of sea quark effects in vector meson masses. Results for light quark masses in $N_{rm f}=2$ QCD are also presented.
In this work, we compute masses and magnetic moments of the heavy baryons and tetraquarks with one and two open heavy flavors in a unified framework of MIT bag model. Using the parameters of MIT bag model, we confirm that an extra binding energy, which is supposed to exist between heavy quarks ($c$ and $b$) and between heavy and strange quarks in literatures, is required to reconcile light hadrons with heavy hadrons. Numerical calculations are made for all light mesons, heavy hadrons with one and two open heavy flavors, predicting the mass of doubly charmed baryons to be $M(Xi _{cc})=3.604$ GeV, $M(Xi _{cc}^{ast })=3.714$ GeV, and that of the strange isosinglet tetraquark $udbar{s}bar{c}$ with $J^{P}=0^{+}$ to be $Mleft( udbar{s}bar{c},0^{+}right) =2.934$ GeV. The state mixing due to chromomagnetic interaction is shown to be sizable for the strange scalar tetraquark $nnbar{s}bar{c}$.
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