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We propose the operation of textbf{LEvEL}, the Low-Energy Neutrino Experiment at the LHC, a neutrino detector near the Large Hadron Collider Beam Dump. Such a detector is capable of exploring an intense, low-energy neutrino flux and can measure neutrino cross sections that have previously never been observed. These cross sections can inform other future neutrino experiments, such as those aiming to observe neutrinos from supernovae, allowing such measurements to accomplish their fundamental physics goals. We perform detailed simulations to determine neutrino production at the LHC beam dump, as well as neutron and muon backgrounds. Measurements at a few to ten percent precision of neutrino-argon charged current and neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering cross sections are attainable with 100~ton-year and 1~ton-year exposures at LEvEL, respectively, concurrent with the operation of the High Luminosity LHC. We also estimate signal and backgrounds for an experiment exploiting the forward direction of the LHC beam dump, which could measure neutrinos above 100 GeV.
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Neutrino magnetic moment ($ u$MM) is an important property of massive neutrinos. The recent anomalous excess at few keV electronic recoils observed by the Xenon1T collaboration might indicate a $sim 2.2times10^{-11} mu_B$ effective neutrino magnetic moment ($mu_ u^{eff}$) from solar neutrinos. Therefore, it is essential to carry out the $ u$MM searches at a different experiment to confirm or exclude such hypothesis. We study the feasibility of doing $ u$MM measurement with 4 kton active mass at Jinping neutrino experiment using electron recoil data from both natural and artificial neutrino sources. The sensitivity of $mu_ u^{eff}$ can reach $1.2times10^{-11}mu_B$ at 90% C.L. with 10-year data taking of solar neutrinos. Besides the intrinsic low energy background $^{14}$C in the liquid scintillator, we find the sensitivity to $ u$MM is highly correlated with the systematic uncertainties of $pp$ and $^{85}$Kr. Reducing systematic uncertainties ($pp$ and $^{85}$Kr) and the intrinsic background ($^{14}$C and $^{85}$Kr) can help to improve sensitivities below these levels and reach the region of astrophysical interest. With a 3 mega-Curie (MCi) artificial neutrino source $^{51}$Cr installed at Jinping neutrino detector for 55 days, it could give us a sensitivity to the electron neutrino magnetic moment ($mu_{ u_e}$) with $1.1times10^{-11} mu_B$ at 90% C.L.. With the combination of those two measurements, the flavor structure of the neutrino magnetic moment can be also probed at Jinping.
The properties of light leptoquarks predicted in the context of a simple grand unified theory and their observability at the LHC are investigated. The SU(5) symmetry of the theory implies that the leptoquark couplings to matter are related to the neutrino mass matrix. We study the resulting connection between neutrino masses and mixing parameters and the leptoquark decays, and show that different light neutrino hierarchies imply distinctive leptoquark decay signatures. We also discuss low-energy constraints implied by searches for charged lepton flavour violation, studies of meson decays, and electroweak precision data. We perform a detailed parton-level study of the leptoquark signals and the Standard Model backgrounds at the LHC. With the clean final states containing a di-lepton plus two jets, the QCD production of the leptoquark pair can be observed for a leptoquark mass of one TeV and beyond. By examining the lepton flavor structure of the observed events, one could further test the model predictions related to the neutrino mass spectrum. In particular, b-flavor tagging will be useful in distinguishing the neutrino mass pattern and possibly probing an unknown Majorana phase in the Inverted Hierarchy or the Quasi-Degenerate scenario. Electroweak associated production of the leptoquark doublet can also be useful in identifying the quantum numbers of the leptoquarks and distinguishing between the neutrino mass spectra, even though the corresponding event rates are smaller than for QCD production. We find that with only the clean channel of mu+ E_T jets, one could expect an observable signal for a leptoquark masses of about 600 GeV or higher.
The physics potential of an intense source of low-energy muons is studied. Such a source is a necessary stage towards building the neutrino factories and muon colliders which are being considered at present. The CERN Neutrino Factory could deliver muon beams with intensities 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than available now, with large freedom in the choice of the time structure. Low-energy muon physics contributes to many fields of basic research, including rare muon decays, i.e., decays that do not conserve muon number, measurements of fundamental constants, the muon anomalous magnetic moment, determination of the Lorentz structure of the weak interaction, QED tests, CPT tests, proton and nuclear charge distributions (even for short-lived isotopes), and condensed matter physics. In studying the experimental programme, we analyse the present limitations, list the requirements on the new muon beams, and describe some ideas on how to implement these beam lines in a CERN neutrino factory complex.
This article presents the physics case for a new high-energy, ultra-high statistics neutrino scattering experiment, NuSOnG (Neutrino Scattering on Glass). This experiment uses a Tevatron-based neutrino beam to obtain over an order of magnitude higher statistics than presently available for the purely weak processes $ u_{mu}+e^- to u_{mu}+ e^-$ and $ u_{mu}+ e^- to u_e + mu^-$. A sample of Deep Inelastic Scattering events which is over two orders of magnitude larger than past samples will also be obtained. As a result, NuSOnG will be unique among present and planned experiments for its ability to probe neutrino couplings to Beyond the Standard Model physics. Many Beyond Standard Model theories physics predict a rich hierarchy of TeV-scale new states that can correct neutrino cross-sections, through modifications of $Z u u$ couplings, tree-level exchanges of new particles such as $Z^prime$s, or through loop-level oblique corrections to gauge boson propagators. These corrections are generic in theories of extra dimensions, extended gauge symmetries, supersymmetry, and more. The sensitivity of NuSOnG to this new physics extends beyond 5 TeV mass scales. This article reviews these physics opportunities.
Experimental prospects for studying high-energy photon-photon and photon-proton interactions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are discussed. Cross sections are calculated for many electroweak and beyond the Standard Model processes. Selection strategies based on photon interaction tagging techniques are studied. Assuming a typical LHC multipurpose detector, various signals and their irreducible backgrounds are presented after applying acceptance cuts. Prospects are discussed for the Higgs boson search, detection of supersymmetric particles and of anomalous quartic gauge couplings, as well as for the top quark physics.
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